LEARNING OUTCOMES

The major objective is to achieve the basis of Human Anatomy necessary to understand physiology, with the final goal to comprehend drug mechanism of action and related toxicity.

Attention will be given to the human body organization and to the morphology of different systems and organs. The structure of the various organs will be studied at microscopic level to provide understanding of their function.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching activity is organized in lectures for a total amount of time of 80 hours. During these lectures, all issues of the Human Anatomy that the student is required to know for the final exam will be explained and discussed with the help of visual aids.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Tissues. Description and characterization and of the 4 basilar tissues:

Epithelium classification and characterization: surface and glands epithelia.

Connective classification and characterization.

Muscle.

Nervous.

• Cardiovascular system: structure of arteries, capillaries and veins. Lymphatic vessels and nodes. Heart.
• Alimentary system: digestive segment, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Exocrine digestive glands: major salivary glands, liver and exocrine pancreas.
• Urinary system: kidney structure, morphology and microscopic organization. Structure, morphology and microscopic organization of the lower urinary tract.
• Endocrine system: structure, morphology and microscopic organization of pineal gland, hypophysis (anterior lobe and neurohypophysis), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland (cortex with glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis zona and medulla) and islets of Langerhans.
• Respiratory system: structure, morphology and microscopic organization of the larynx, trachea, lung and pleura.
• Male reproductive system: structure, morphology and microscopic organization of testes and epididymes, vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts, penis and accessory glands (prostate, seminal vescicles and bulbo uretral glands).
• Female reproductive system: structure, morphology and microscopic organization of the ovary and female genital ducts .

The menstrual cycle.

The uterine tubes.

The uterus with cervix.

The vagina.

The external genitalia and placenta.

• Integumentary system: structure, morphology and microscopic organization of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis.

Skin appendages, sweet, apocrine and sebaceous glands.

Mammary gland.

• Neuroanatomy:

Embriologic development of neuronal tube.

Ventricular system, cerebrospinal fluid, ependyma and choroid plexus.

Cranial meninges and blood-brain barrier.

Spinal cord with spinal nerves.

Brain stem and cranial nerves from III to XII.

Cerebellum.

Diencephalon.

Cerebral hemispheres.

Basal ganglia.

Special senses: structure, morphology and microscopic organization of the eye with optical nerve. Ear structure, morphology and microscopic organization with vestibular organ and cochlea.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Martini/Timmons/Tallitsch: Anatomia Umana. EdiSES