LEARNING OUTCOMES

Analytical Chemistry develops and applies methods, tools and strategies to obtain information on the composition and nature of matter in space and time. It deepens the study of chemical equilibria for the calculation of the chemical species concentrations. They study the basics of statistics and their application to analytical chemistry.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course provides the basics of analytical chemistry, including analytical methods, the choice of the method of analysis and its accuracy, sampling, sources of error,  the importance of a proper calibration and the use of standard. The  tools will be also provided for the interpretation of analytical data with the aid of statistical methods, in order to assess the reliability of data obtained from a series of analyzes.

TEACHING METHODS

The course is organized in lectures, supported by power point presentations and other training material available on www.aulaweb.unige.it/

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

A. Methodology of analytical chemistry

Definition and purposes of analytical chemistry. Good laboratory practices. The main steps of the analytical process. Quantity and unit of measure. Description of the system.
Activity and concentration, ionic strength, and activity coefficients, Debye Hukel equation.
Chemical equilibrium, law of mass action, the equilibrium constants, calculation of the equilibrium constants, complete reactions, the reaction conditions, the solvent.
Chemical kinetics.
B. Statistical Bases

Random experiments, population sample. Absolute and relative frequency, random variables.
Statistical regularity, frequency distribution, probability distribution.
The central limit theorem.
Continuous variables. Frequency histogram, probability distribution for continuous variables. Location, dispersion and sample dispersion.
Standard normal distribution.
Distribution of media, Student distribution, distribution of Fisher.
The significance test.
Test on average of a single sample of N repetitions.
Test between the means of two different samples, N1 and N2.
Test on paired data. Test Dixon.
The calibration of an instrument-univariate regression.
Systematic and random errors. Accuracy and Precision.
LOD and LOQ.
Readability (Appreciation).
C. Chemical reactions.

Acid-base reactions Brönsted. Solvents: properties and classification. The solvent water, protolisi reactions in water.
generic setting for balance: basic state, reactions and equations, mass and charge conditions.
Calculation of the equilibrium concentrations

monoprotic weak acid dissolved in water, neutralization curve with strong base
monoprotic strong acid dissolved in water, neutralization curve with strong base.
monophasic strong base dissolved in water, neutralization curve with strong acid.
monophasic weak base dissolved in water, neutralization curve with strong acid.
weak acid and strong base dissolved in water
weak acid and weak base dissolved in water
The buffer solutions: buffer capacity and the 'index of Van Slyke.
Complexation reactions: general, complexes with ligands unidentati, the chelating ligands.
precipitation reactions: general, dissolution, precipitation, concurrent reactions. Calculation of the equilibrium concentrations.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

M. Forina, "Introduzione alla Chimica Analitica", ECIG, Genova, 2003, ISBN: 88-7545-986-X.

D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler, S.R. Crouch "Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica", EDISES, Napoli, 2005, ISBN: 8879593005

D. S. Hage, J. D. Carr, “Chimica Analitica e Analisi Quantitativa”, PICCIN, Padova, 2012, ISBN 978-88-299-2118-8.