AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The aim of the teaching in Anatomy is for the student to acquire knowledge in normal anatomical structures of the body and its various tissue and organ systems. After the completion of the course the student should be able to describe the normal structures of the body at tissue- and organ level, the normal anatomy of the head and neck as well as adjacent areas, the nerve supply of teeth in detail as the basis for the safe administration of local infiltration anaesthesia, the normal structures of dental and oral tissues, the normal morphology of the human teeth, the normal development of teeth, their eruption and exfoliation. The understanding of the issues discussed during the lectures should allow the students to deepen specific issues autonomously.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching activity is organised in lectures. During these lectures all the issues the student has to know for the final exam will be explained and discussed with the help of visual aids.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Introduction to the study of anatomy: anatomical terminology

Position and movement

Locomotive system:

Bones of the head: bones of the neurocranium, bones of the viscera, cavities common to the neurocranium and the viscera, craniofacial growth

Articulations: General, classification of synaarthrosis and diarthrosis.

Head and spine joints

Muscles: General, head muscles, neck muscles.

Cardiocirculatory system: heart, pericardium, innervation of heart, aorta and its branches, hollow vein system, azigos vein system, portal vein system, main lymphatic ducts, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, head and neck lymph nodes.

Stomatognathic: organization, morphology, structur and topographical characteristics of the mouth, lips, cheeks, vestibule of the mouth, floor of the mouth, hard palate, soft palate, tongue, salivary glands, dental gums, temporomandibular articulation and chewing muscles. Morphological characteristics of deciduous and permanent teeth, structure of the periodontium, and of the tissues forming the tooth with reference to the way in which the tooth forms (ontogenesis).

Digestive system: organization, morphology, structur and topographical characteristics of the isthmus of the jaws, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, glands attached to the digestive system, peritoneum.

Respiratory system: organization, morphology, structur and topographical characteristics of nasal cavities, larynx, trachea and bronchi, lungs and pleuras

Urinary system: organization, morphology, structur and topographical characteristics of kidneys and urinary tract.

Male genital system: organization, morphology, structur and topographical characteristics of the testicle, sperm pathways, annexed glands

the male genital apparatus.

Female genital system: organisational, morphological, structural and topographical characteristics of the ovary, female genital pathways.

Endocrine system: organization, morphology, structur and topographical characteristics of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, surrene, endocrine pancreas.

Nervous system: general organisation and structural characteristics of the central nervous system with reference to spinal cord, brainstem, quadrigeminal lamina, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon, cortical areas. Organization of sensitivity and motor pathways.

General organization of spinal and encephalic nerves with deepening of trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vague, hypoglossal nerves characters.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anatomia Umana (Anastasi –edi-Ermes)

Anatomia funzionale e clinica dello splancnocranio (Luciano   Fonzi – edi-Ermes)