OBIETTIVI FORMATIVI

The aim of the course is to provide an adequate knowledge in the field of energy systems and environmental impact of power generation. The main design and operating aspects of the most important power plant systems are described, including combustion processes and pollutant emissions formation processes. Energy systems performance are analysed taking also into account economic aspects.

MODALITA' DIDATTICHE

Lectures and practice.

PROGRAMMA/CONTENUTO

A - Lectures

• General aspects - Primary energy sources and their transformations - Energy consumption worldwide and in Italy - Energy, transport and environment indicators - Power plants and relevant application areas.
• Fundamentals for the study of energy systems - Thermodynamic cycles - Thermal power plants overall efficiency - Specific fuel consumption - Economic aspects, cost-efficiency trade-off in power plants.
• Combustion processes and pollutant emissions formation – Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and their specifications - Air required for combustion - Fuel heating value - Air-fuel ratio - Combustion processes: general aspects and classifications, premixed and diffusion flames -  Pollutants formation processes and their effect on health and environment  -  Secondary pollution mechanisms.
• Steam power plants – Steam cycles - Methods to improve the cycle performance: regeneration, superheating, re-heating – Steam cycle components: boiler, steam turbines, condenser, pumps, heat exchangers - Steam power plants control.
• Hydraulic power plants – General aspects, use of water energy – Rainfalls and exploitation of hydraulic potentials - Types of hydraulic power plants: basin, flowing water and pumping plants - Hydraulic turbines – Specific rotational speed. 
• Gas turbine power plants – General aspects, open and closed circuit plants - Gas cycles: ideal and real cycle - Maximum efficiency and specific work condition - Gas turbine power plants for aeronautical and industrial application - Gas turbine power plant components: compressor, combustion chamber, expander - Combined cycles, heat recovery steam generator.

• Environmental aspects of power generation - Emissions and environment: constituents of the atmosphere, meteorological phenomena, transport and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere - Chemical, thermal and noise pollution - Environmental impact of steam and gas turbine power plants and of internal combustion engines - Emission control systems and aftertreatment devices.

B - Practice

• Calculation of energy systems operating parameters.
• Examples of operational design.

TESTI/BIBLIOGRAFIA

• M. Capobianco - “Energy systems and environmental impact” – Notes to the course.
• R. Della Volpe – Macchine – Liguori, 2011.
• A. Clup - Principles of energy conversion - McGraw-Hill.
• S.L.Dixon - Fluid Mechanics Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery - Pergamon Press, 2005.
• M. Bianchi, A. De Pascale, A. Gambarotta, A. Peretto – Sistemi Energetici: Impatto Ambientale – Pitagora, 2008.