CODICE | 60157 |
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ANNO ACCADEMICO | 2022/2023 |
CFU |
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SETTORE SCIENTIFICO DISCIPLINARE | ING-INF/07 |
LINGUA | Italiano (Inglese a richiesta) |
SEDE |
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PERIODO | Annuale |
MATERIALE DIDATTICO | AULAWEB |
Inquadramento della strumentazione per le misure dei parametri elettrici e fisici necessari per la supervisione ed il controllo dei processi industriali nell’ambito più vasto della Automazione Industriale. Introduzione dei concetti essenziali di comunicazione digitale e di fieldbus per applicazioni industriali (con approfondimento su protocolli Profinet e IEC 61850). Il concetto di Intelligent Field Device e di automazione distribuita. Cenni su Industria 4.0.
Le misure nel contesto dell'automazione industriale. Misure elettriche e di processo. Strumentazione e attuatori. Architettura dei sistemi di acquisizione dati e di automazione. Programmazione di PLC. Comunicazione industriale: fieldbus. Norme di riferimento. Sicurezza funzionale. Aree con pericolo di esplosione.
- lezioni frontali
- esercitazioni e prove pratiche
- visite a impianti
Instrumentation for the Industrial Automation
1 Conceptual model of the Industrial Automation
.a) measurement and control -> accuracy and repetibility
.b) process – instrumentation – control – actuators
.c) the role of Computer Engineer
2 Goal of the automation in different areas
.a) Continuous Process -> regolation -> DCS
.b) Factory Automation -> sequences -> PLC
.c) Service Networks -> supervision -> SCADA
.d) Building Automation -> supervision -> SCADA
4 Conceptual model of a Transmitter
.a) sensor -> processing -> signal
.b) microprocessor-based instruments
.c) axiliary power supply (summary)
5 Actuators
.a) on-off electric: relays and motor starters
.b) on-off pneumatic: electro-valve
.c) continuous electric: drives
.d) continuous pneumatic: actuators and positioners for valves
6 Standard signals (analog and digital)
.a) on/off signal (SPDT)
.b) current/voltage signals
.c) signals with live-zero
.d) instruments with 2/4-wires
7 The concept of Fieldbus
.a) A/D conversions
.b) network of devices in field: the fieldbus
.c) reduction of cabling
.d) the need of a standard
2 The Project of an Automation System
1 Data-flow and People
.a) process expert and automation expert
.b) functional specifications
2 P&ID
.a) ISA symbols for instrumentation
.b) Process & Instrumentation Diagram
3 The I/O List
.a) goal of the I/O list
.b) typical I/O list
3 Electrical measures in industrial environment
1 One-Line diagram
.a) which variable to measure
.b) measuring the Power Quality
2 PTs and CTs
.a) CT for masures and protection
.b) the limit factor for CTs
.c) PTs for measures and protection
.d) fiscal measuring (the MID Directive)
3 Multi-functions transducers
.a) block diagram of a digital instrument
.b) typical accuracy
.c) output signals and interfaces
4 Measurement of Temperature
1 Generalità
.a) measuring units
.b) thermometers: operating principles
.c) thermostats: operating principles
2 Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD)
.a) operating principles
.b) standards and accuracy
.c) problems with installation
3 Thermocouples (TC)
.a) operating principles
.b) standards and accuracy
.c) problems with installation
4 Other sensors
.a) thermistors
.b) pirometers
.c) innovative sensors (optic, acustic, ...)
5 Installation of the Instruments
.a) construction shapes
.b) thermo-wells
5 Measurement of Pressure
1 Generalità
.a) measuring units
.b) absolute-relative-differential pressure
.c) manometers: operating principles
.d) pressure switches: operating principles
2 Sensors for pressure
.a) strain gauge
.b) piezo-electric
.c) capacitive
.d) other sensors: resonant, optic, ...
3 Installation of the Instruments
.a) root valves and piping
.b) manifolds
6 Measurement of Flow
1 General
.a) flow measurement for solids and fluids
.b) flowmeters: operating principles
.c) flow-switches: operating principles
2 Volumetric systems
.a) gears
.b) turbines
.c) target type
.d) Rangeability and reliability
3 Restricted area devices
.a) the Law of Bernoulli
.b) pressure profile
.c) primary elements: flanges, nozzles, venturi-pipes, pitot-pipes
.d) installation problems
4 Magnetic flowmeters
.a) the Faraday Law
.b) structure of a mag flowmeter
.c) accuracy and rangeability
.d) sizing and installation
5 Vortex transmitter
.a) The vortexes of Von Karman
.b) structure of a vortex flowmeter
.c) accuracy and rangeability
.d) sizing and installation
6 Mass flowmeter
.a) the concept of mass-flow
.b) The law of Coriolis
.c) accuracy and rangeability
.d) sizing and installation
7 Other sensors for flow-metering
.a) ultrasonic
.b) thermal mass
7 Measurement of Level
1 General
.a) levels of bulk material and liquids
.b) gauge and switch
2 Electro-mechanical systems
.a) glass indicators
.b) measuring rods and ropes
.c) flow sensors
.d) rotating blades
.e) vibration sensors
.f) jo-jo sensors
.g) torque bar
.h) conductive sensors
3 Hydrostatic pressure transmitters
.a) physical priciple
.b) pressurized and atmospheric tanks
.c) installation criteria
.d) submerged probe
4 Capacitive transmitters
.a) physical priciple
.b) shapes and materials
.c) installation criteria
5 Fly-time measuring systems
.a) ultrasonic transmitters
.b) micro-waves transmitters
.c) areas of application
.d) installation criteria
6 Radioactive transmitters (summary)
.a) physical principle
.b) typical applications
8 Fieldbus for Process Control
1 Intelligent Field Device
.a) the concept of IFD
.b) advanced functions of IFD
.c) Smart instruments (Hart protocol)
2 The concept of Communication Protocol
.a) the ISO/OSI model
.b) physical layer
.c) data link: data structure
.d) data link: Media Access Control
.e) transportation and networking (TCP/IP)
.f) application layer
.g) the companion standards (profiles)
3 Internation standards for fieldbus
.a) from the beginnings to the IEC 61158
.b) standards for fieldbus todays
.c) Ethernet-based protocols
4 Basic priciples of Profibus
.a) Profibus DP: principles and applications
.b) Profibus PA: principles and applications
.c) Specific profiles: ProfiSafe, ProfiDrive, ProfiEnergy
.d) Profinet
5 Basic principles of Foundation Fieldbus
.a) level H1 and HSE
.b) Link Active Scheduler
.c) FF and distributed programming
7 Wireless Sensor Networks
.a) industrial applications for wireless
.b) IEEE 802.11: WiFi
.c) IEEE 802.15: Bluetooth
.d) IEEE 802.15.4: ZigBee
.e) hybrid architectures (gateway)
9 Automation Systems and Architectures
1 The levels of automation
.a) multi-levels architectures: from the field to the control room
.b) distributed vs. concentrated architettures
.c) ERP and MES (summary)
.d) Internet: problems of security
2 Operating principles of PLC/DCS/SCADA
.a) HW components: CPU, I/O cards, Power Supply, ...
.b) functional cyucles
3 IEC 61131-3 programming languages
.a) origin and use of the IEC 61131-3
.b) ladder diagram
.c) instruction list
.d) structured text
.e) function block language
.f) Sequencial Function Chart
.g) PC-based architectures
4 OLE for Process Control
.a) interface between applications and controllers
.b) the benefits of OPC
.c) future deveolpment (OPC-UA)
5 Hazardous Areas classification (ATEX)
.a) flammable materials and explosions
.b) The ATEX Directive
.c) classification for gas and dust
.d) safety electrical plants
6 Functional Safety (SIL)
.a) The concept of functional safety
.b) The IEC 60508
.c) SIL and automation architectures
10 Automation of electrical systems
1 Automation functions for distribution systems HV/MV/LV
.a) supervision and remote control
.b) switch-over and emergency logics
.c) conventional architectures
2 Intelligent Electrical Device
.a) digital protective relays
.b) advanced functions of digital relays
3 A primer about IEC 61850
.a) origins of the IEC 61850
.b) the concept of logical node
.c) GOMSFE and GSE
.d) distributed automation with IEC 61850
Riferimenti bibliografici:
[1] A. Brunelli : “Strumentazione di misura e controllo nelle applicazioni industriali” Ed. GISI, 2002, ISBN 88-903-7314-8
[2] L.A. Bryan, E.A. Bryan: “Programmable Controllers – Theory and Implementation”, ISBN 0-944107-32-X
[3] N.P.Mahalik (a cura di), “Fieldbus Technology – Industrial Network Standards for Real-Time Distributed Control”, ISBN 3-540-40183-0
[4] F.Cascetta (a cura di), “Strumentazione di misura per sistemi di telecontrollo di reti idriche di pubblica utilità”, ISBN 88-464-1565-5
[5] P.Pinceti, “SCADA per sistemi elettrici”, ISBN 88-464-4991-6
[6] P.Pinceti, “L’impianto di distribuzione in Media Tensione”, ISBN 978-88-904026-0-9
[7] ASEM, “Personal Automation – L’automazione industriale basata su PC”, ISBN 88-481-1475-X
[8] J.Berge, “Fieldbuses for Process Control”, ISBN 1556177607
Siti Web utili: [1] www.isa.org [2] www.iec.ch [3] www.ieee.org [4] www.gisi.it [5] www.anie.it [7] www.control.com [9] www.profibus.com [10] www.fieldbus.org
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Riviste del settore: [1] Automazione e Strumentazione [2] Fieldbus e Network [3] InTech [4] Control Engineering [5] IEEE Instrumentation & Measurements [6] Eidos [7] Automazione Oggi [8] Tutto Misure
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MICAELA CASERZA MAGRO (Presidente)
STEFANO SAVIO (Presidente Supplente)
LUIS RAMON VACCARO (Presidente Supplente)
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