OVERVIEW

The course of Medicinal Chemistry and Toxicology II is done for students attending the fourth year of the LM in CTF.
The course consists of 9 ECTS (72 teaching hours).
No lab exercises are provided.
The frequency will be established in order to allow access to the compilation of the evaluation boards of the course as attending or non-attending student.
They are considered attending students who attend 50% of classes

AIMS AND CONTENT

TEACHING METHODS

Lessons are conducted in the presence (in the classroom) only by the teacher in charge.
The teacher show and comments a series of slides that are available (in pdf format) to the students enrolled in the course through Aulaweb few days before the lesson.
The synthetic methods for selected compounds will be described to the board and will not be supplied printed copy.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

The first part of the course is related to the hormones on the whole (bio-synthesis, physiological role, therapeutic use, synthetic drugs related to them). In particular will be discussed: Calcium homeostasis regulators (parathyroid hormone, bisphosphonates, calcitonine); thyroid hormones (T3, T4), antithyroid drugs; insulin, glucagon, oral hypoglycemic drugs; steroid hormones: mineral- and glucocorticoids, estrogens, antiestrogens, progestins, antiprogestins, contraceptives, androgens, anti-androgens, anabolic steroids.

The second part of the course describes the following therapeutic class: cholinergic, adrenergic and  serotoninergic system drugs; local and systemic anesthetics; hypnotic/sedative drugs; ansiolitics, antipsycotics, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, antiparkinson drugs, opioids and derivatives, antidepressants, psychotomimetics and other central stimulant drugs; cardiovascular drugs; antihypertensive drugs,  diuretics; antiaggregants, anticoagulants, fibrinolitics; non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs; antihistaminics. As a part of the discussion of the different therapeutic classes are examined: the physico-chemical properties, design strategies, the structure of biological targets and the mechanisms of interaction, the structure-activity relationships. The synthetic methods are reported for :

Carbacol, Betanecol, Fisostigmine, Neostigmine, Piridostigmiea, Ecotiophato, Atropin, Scopolamine, Benztropine, Triesifenidile, Succinilcholine, Pancuronium, Vencuronium, Atracurium, Salbutamol, Lidocaine, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Bromazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Triazolam, Aloperidol, Luminal, Valproic ocid, Meprobamate, Levodopa, Heroin, Hydromorphon, Hydrocodeinon, Oxymorphon, Oxycodon, Ethorphine, Buprenorphine, Levorfanol, Butorfanol, Meperidine, Fentanil Methadon, Propoxyphen, Tramadol, Loperamide, Desipramine, Nortriptiline, Imipramine, Amitriptiline, Fluoxetine, Trazodone, Selegiline, Milrinon, Amiodarone, Captopril, Enalapril, Verapamil, 1,4-dihydropiridine, Hydrochlorotiazide, Furosemide, Etacrinic acid, Triamterene, Indomethacine, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, meclofenamic acid, Piroxicam, Fenbenzamine, Difenidramine, Ciproeptadine, Cetirizine, Cimetidine, Levotiroxine, sulphonylureas , bisguanides, Diethylstilbestrol.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHIMICA FARMACEUTICA a cura di Gasco-Gualtieri-Melchiorre Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

CHIMICA FARMACEUTICA di G. Patrick Ed. integrata acura di G. Costantino, EdiSES

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

OLGA BRUNO (President)

PAOLA FOSSA

ANDREA SPALLAROSSA

LESSONS

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam is oral. The student will have to answer questions (at least four) inherent throughout the program. In particular the student should be able to write the formula of lectures presented medications, discuss the chemical and physical properties, the chemical and pharmaceutical characteristics and therapeutic applications, the mechanism of action (if known). They will describe and discuss the synthesis of at least two drugs or classes of drugs.
Attending students with regular attendance (at least 70% of the classes) will be given the opportunity to take an exam written on a part of the program. The examination will be carried out towards the middle of the course and in any event so as not to interfere with the other lessons. The date of writing will be agreed with the attending students and reported on Aulaweb.
If the script will be passed positively the student can take the oral exam only on the remaining part of the program and the oral one vote will be averaged with that script. In any case, the oral examination will have to be supported by the second session of July.
The student who is not satisfied with the service rendered in the written will give up and will have to rely on the oral examination on the whole program.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

Both written and  oral examinations have the purpose of ascertaining the ability to memorize actively the structural characteristics of the treated drug classes, the ability to make connections between different classes of drugs, the ability of deducing the biological activity by analyzing the chemical structures , the ability to describe a reasonable synthesis for  indicated drugs, also on the basis of the knowledge they are expected to have acquired by specific preparatory courses.

Exam schedule