OVERVIEW

The course is based on 8 teaching modules related to endocrinology, rheumatology, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, geriatrics, dermatology and venereal diseases, dermatology in podology and clinical pathology-histopathology. The aim of the course is to provide a general view of the main clinical-diagnostic aspects and pathological entities of podological interest.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES (FURTHER INFO)

Endocrinology - Deepen the fundamental knowledge of anatomy and physiology, embryology of the endocrine and metabolic system, biochemistry of hormones and intermediary metabolism, genetics, the mechanisms underlying the development of endocrine diseases, metabolic and andrological and pathogenesis of complications.

Reumatology - Appreciate the differences between inflammatory and degenerative joint disease, to recognize the main rheumatic diseases.
Understanding the role of physical and motor activity in the prevention and treatment of various rheumatic diseases. Know the main rheumatic diseases with connective involvement, joint and bone to foot involvement.

Infectious diseases - Systematic knowledge of the most important Infectious Diseases and Tropical bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal under the etiological aspect. Ability to integrate medical history, symptoms, physical signs and functional alterations of each infectious disease with the clinical diagnostic process, instrumental and laboratory. Knowing infections, bacterial and viral, the possibility of transmission and treatment. The clinical conditions of the infected foot: acquire the clinical knowledge and in particular the approach to patients with infected foot problems.

Cardiology - Theoretical knowledge, scientific and professional in the field of pathophysiology, clinical and treatment of cardiovascular diseases including congenital heart disease. Are specific areas of jurisdiction, the pathophysiology and clinical cardiovascular, functional and instrumental semiotics, clinical methodology, including behavioral methods in acute syndromes and in emergency-urgent situations, the instrumental diagnostic invasive and non-invasive, drug therapy and interventionist, as well as primary prevention interventions and programs riabilitativooccupazionali. To increase the knowledge of the cardio-vascular pathology and learn the techniques of instrumental investigation of peripheral vascular disease.

Geriatrics - To acquire the basic knowledge of human physiology and major modifications of organs and systems that develop with increasing age; It is able to recognize these alterations in clinical practice, to set, when necessary, an adequate therapeutic treatment; knowing how to properly interpret the investigations necessary to put a correct diagnosis; knowing how to direct the patient to the specialist reference. Know the main organs and systems. Knowing the demographic and epidemiological aspects of geriatrics, physiological aging and the great geriatric syndromes.

Dermatology and Venereology - Become familiar with common diagnostic techniques outpatient with ability to decide the laboratory / instrumental approach most suitable for the individual paziente.Conoscere: 1) the basic concepts related to histology of the skin and skin appendages; 2) the physiological and pathophysiological bases of the skin and skin appendages, with particular reference to the skin understood as organ and complex structure; 3) the general pathophysiological mechanisms involving changes in skin manifestations; 4) the main multidisciplinary internal pathologies where the Podiatrist may play a key role in the diagnosis or in the common management of the patient; 5) the basic radiological concepts and, in depth, the instrumental staging of cutaneous neoplasms and radiological aspects associated with inflammatory or degenerative skin diseases; 6) the basic concepts relating to aspects of systemic diseases with dermatologic involvement (SLE, scleroderma).

Dermatology in Podologic Science - Learn the fundamentals of skin diseases of the foot with particular regard to onicopatie and onico.micosi. Learn the fundamentals of skin conditions of the foot and the annexes, especially with regard to diseases of podiatric interest. know the skin reconstruction techniques (free grafts and pedicle, Reverdin, transplants and in laboratory cultures of skin), and deepen those minor surgery (ingrown toenails,wart, etc.).

Clinical Pathology - Learning the basis of Anatomic Pathology; type of material used for diagnostic process and necroscopy. Learning classifciatin of tumours and main system of Grading and Staging. Learning main histopathological aspect of dismetabolic osteoartropathy, artrosis, artritis, osteomielitis. Main aspect of soft tissue tumours and of tumours of bones.

TEACHING METHODS

The lessons are performed in frontal way with the help of sets of explanatory slides. The discussion and the active participation of students during lessons are favored with examples from clinical practice that they may have faced during internship activities. The teaching material used during lessons is provided to the students in addition to the suggested texts

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Endocrinology Program - 1) Introduction to Endocrinology; 2) hypophisis and hypothalamus diseases; 3) Hypo and hyperthyroidism; 4) Type 1 diabetes and complications; 5) Type 2 diabetes and complications.
Rheumatology Program - 1) Primary and Secondary Osteoarthritis. 2) Osteoporosis. 3) Rheumatoid Arthritis. 4) Psoriatic arthritis. 5) Septic arthritis. 6) Microcrystalline arthritis. 7) introductory notes to connective tissue and diseases. 8) Raynaud's Phenomenon. 9) Scleroderma. 10) Rheumatic Polymyalgia. 11) Acute rheumatism. 12) Articolar rheumatism. 13) Paget Disease. 14) Fibromyalgia.

Infectious Disease Program - 1) Main gastrointestinal infections. 2) Major respiratory infections. 3) Urinary infections. 4) Liver parenteral infectious disease. 5) Liver oro-fecal infectious disease. 6) Nosocomial infections. 7) HIV infections. 8) Common infections in the orthopedic field. 9) Diabetic foot infections. 10) Encephalitis and meningitis. 11) Soft tissue infections. 12) Prosthodontitis Infections. 13) Osteomyelitis.
Cardiovascular System Disease Program - 1) Acute Ischemic Cardiopathy (Myocardial Infarction and unstable angina): Physiopathology; Clinic; Diagnosis and Therapy. 2) Chronic Ischemic Cardiopathy: Physiopathology; Clinic; Diagnosis and Therapy. 3) Acute Heart Failure: Pathophysiology; Clinic; Diagnosis and Therapy. 4) Chronic heart failure: Pathophysiology; Clinic; Diagnosis and Therapy. 5) Major valvulopathies and cardiovascular risk factors: Introduction to etiopathology and clinical frameworks of the main valvulopathies; Generalities about cardiovascular risk factors.

Geriatrics Program - 1) Demographic and Epidemiological Aspects. 2) Role of geriatrics in healthcare organization. 3) Physiological aging: age-dependent changes in various organs and apparatus. 4) Age-dependent changes in homeostatic control. 5) The conditions of fragility. 6) Characteristics of the geriatric patient: pathology, iatrogenic risk, risk of non-self-sufficiency. 6) Geriatrics multidimensional evaluation. 7) Management of chronicity. 8) Evaluation tools for ADI and RSA. 9) Major Geriatric Diseases and Urgencies: Acute Diseases, Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Accident, Respiratory Failure, Renal Impairment, Thromboembolic Processes, Acute Cerebrovascular Accident, Delirium. 10) Major geriatric syndromes: osteoporosis, falls and fractures, disturbances of hydro-electrolysis equilibrium and thermoregulation, malnutrition, dizziness and syncope, immobilization syndrome, decubitus wounds. 11) Rehabilitative medicine: functional evaluation, rehabilitation in geriatric diseases, occupational therapy

Dermatology Program - 1) Anatomy of the skin: macroscopic and microscopic features of the skin. Pilosebaceous unit: hair; The sebaceous gland; The apocrine sudoripara gland. Sweat glands. The nail apparatus. Vascularization of the skin. Skin innervation. 2) Elementary lesions: Primary basic Injury. Secondary basic Injuries. Pathognomonic lesions. 3) Eczema Dermatitis: Atopic Dermatitis. Irritable Contact Dermatitis (ICD). Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD). 4) Viral Dermatoses: Herpes simplex. Shingles. Vulgar warts. Contagious molluscus. 5) Parasitic: Scabies. Pediculosis. Phthiriasis. Aquatic skin pathology by biotic agents. 6) Bacterial Dermatosis:  Impetigens. Surface and deep pierced. 7) Superficial skin mycosis: Dermatophytic and candida skin mycosis. 8) Acquired and congenital Hyperkeratosis of the foot. 9) Immunomediate Diseases: Psoriasis. Lichen ruber planus. 10) Skin Tumors: Bowen Disease. Basal cell epithelioma. Spinocellular Epithelioma. Melanoma.

Clinical pathology and histopathology program - 1) General Pathology: The neoplastic progression. Grading and Staging of the Neoplasms. Autopsy. 2) Gotta. Amyloidosis. 3) Repairing processes. 4) Inflammatory Pathology: Osteoarthritis. Acute and chronic infectious arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis. Osteomyelitis. 5) Osteoporosis. 6) Dermatopathology: Dermatopathies in diabetes mellitus. Melanocytic neoplasms. 7) Neoplasms: Bone tumors. Cartilage tumors. Tumors of soft tissues

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

See each specific course.

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

CLAUDIO BRUNELLI

RENZO CORDERA

EMANUELE CLAUDIO COZZANI

ANDREA DE MARIA

PATRIZIO ODETTI

CARMEN PIZZORNI

LUCA MASTRACCI (President and Coordinator of Integrated Course)

LUCA MASTRACCI (President)

CLAUDIO BRUNELLI

MARCO AMEDEO CIMMINO

RENZO CORDERA

EMANUELE CLAUDIO COZZANI

ANDREA DE MARIA

ANTONIO FERRAZIN

PATRIZIO ODETTI

LESSONS

LESSONS START

See each specific course.

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam is conducted with test made by questions with multiple-choice answers. 64 questions are submitted (8 for each module) each with a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 5 possible answers; only one answer for each question is correct. Each correct answer has a value of 0.5 points. The overall rating is given by the sum of the right answers. No penalties are applied for incorrect answers or for non-completed fields. Candidates have 60 minutes to complete the elaborate.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

The methods for assessing the candidate's preparation with multiple-choice questions recognice several reasons:
- the integrated course consists of 8 different modules managed by different teachers and with different themes only partially overlapping. There is a need to ensure candidate knoweledge for each of the modules and on various topics covered in the module. The most effective way is, in our opinion,  the multiple-choice test.
- The multiple-choice test is an objective method of evaluation, equanimous for students and without  stress or anxiety of the candidate that may occur in the oral exam.
- professors are generally overbusy and it will be difficult to organize an examination board where all professors are always present. The Multiple choice test allows us to explore the candidate's general knoweledge in all the arguments even in the absence of the reference teacher.

Exam schedule