OVERVIEW

The teaching introduces the student to the main purification techniques of organic mixtures and quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical chemistry. The topics of the theoretical course are closely correlated with the practical training in the laboratory.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The teaching aims to provide students with the theoretical notions and practical skills necessary for purifying organic samples and the quantitative determination of substances of pharmaceutical interest.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

Attendance and active participation in the proposed training activities (lectures and laboratory sessions), along with individual study, will enable the student to:

- understand and know how to apply the main purification techniques of organic mixtures;

- understand and know how to apply the main methods of quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical chemistry;

- gain proficiency in experimental procedures thanks to laboratory experiences;

- acquire precision in conducting quantitative analysis exercises;

- carry out laboratory exercises in an increasingly autonomous way, critically selecting the best conditions for analysis based on the assigned sample;

-  analyze and interpret experimental results critically;

- correctly draft a scientific report on a lab experience.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching is divided into lectures and individual or group lab activities for 96 hours. The lessons will present the theory that supports the laboratory experiences. Before each laboratory activity, a brief theoretical introduction will be held in preparation for the experience. In the practical part, students must apply the experimental protocol provided, critically choosing the best conditions for the analysis according to the assigned sample. At the end of each experience, a brief report on the activity carried out will be requested, with a critical interpretation of the data obtained. The teacher will communicate the organization and dates of the laboratory experiences directly at the beginning of the lessons.

Any Student with documented Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), or with any special needs, shall reach out to the Lecturer(s) and to the dedicated SLD Representative in the Department ( Prof. Luca Raiteri, Luca.Raiteri@unige.it ) before class begins, in order to liaise and arrange the specific learning methods and ensure proper achievement of the learning aims and outcomes. VERY IMPORTANT: any request for compensatory tools and adaptations in the exam MUST be done within 10 working days before the date of the exam according to the instructions that can be found at https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa/comunicazioni

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Theoretical topics

• Guidelines on laboratory safety and chemical use.
• Introduction to the quantitative determination of compounds registered in FU XII Ed. and FE X Ed.
• Chemical analysis stages.
• Solubility.
• Techniques of sample purification:
  • Extraction: liquid/liquid, solid/liquid, continuous and discontinuous; separation of mixtures using a separating funnel; drying the sample.
  • Chromatography: adsorption chromatography (TLC and classical column chromatography); partition chromatography; ion-exchange chromatography; size exclusion chromatography; affinity chromatography.
  • Distillation: simple and fractional; the distillation process from a chemical-physical point of view; the azeotropes; steam distillation.
• Evaluation of analytical data and estimation of their reliability.
• Laboratory instruments and glassware for quantitative analysis.
• Introduction to quantitative volumetric analysis.
• Application of volumetric titrations to the quantitative analysis of substances registered in FU XII Ed.:
  • Acid-base titrations
  • Complexometric titrations
  • Titrations by precipitation
  • Redox titrations
  • Potentiometric titrations

Practical training

• Extraction in a separating funnel of a mixture of organic substances of pharmaceutical interest. Monitoring of extraction via TLC.
• Column chromatography of a drug mixture. Chromatographic column monitoring via TLC.
• Quantitative determination of compounds of pharmaceutical interest through applications of different volumetric titrations.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Fondamenti di chimica analitica di Skoog e West, Terza Edizione - F. James Holler e Stanley R. Crouch, EDISES – ISBN 9788879598651
• Analisi chimico farmaceutica - F. Savelli e O. Bruno - PICCIN
• Princii di Analisi Farmaceutica, Quarta Edizione - V. Cavrini e V. Andrisano, ESCULAPIO

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

FRANCESCA MICHELA MUSUMECI (President)

ELENA CICHERO

ANNA CARBONE (Substitute)

VALERIA FRANCESCONI (Substitute)

MICHELE TONELLI (Substitute)

LESSONS

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam consists of an oral test lasting about 45 minutes. The results of the analyses carried out in the laboratory exercises will also be considered for the final evaluation.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

During the laboratory exercises, the student's ability to progressively master experimental techniques, autonomously conduct analyses, critically interpret data, and accurately draft reports will be assessed. The oral exam will evaluate the student's understanding of the theoretical knowledge underpinning the lab exercises, their ability to articulate concepts using correct terminology clearly, and their skill in solving problems similar to those encountered in the laboratory.

Exam schedule