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GENERAL PHYSIOPATHOLOGY

CODE 67362
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023
CREDITS
  • 8 cfu during the 3nd year of 8745 MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA(LM-41) - GENOVA
  • SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR MED/04
    LANGUAGE Italian
    TEACHING LOCATION
  • GENOVA
  • SEMESTER 1° Semester
    PREREQUISITES
    Prerequisites
    You can take the exam for this unit if you passed the following exam(s):
    • MEDICINE AND SURGERY 8745 (coorte 2020/2021)
    • HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 2 61193
    Prerequisites (for future units)
    This unit is a prerequisite for:
    • MEDICINE AND SURGERY 8745 (coorte 2020/2021)
    • DERMATOLOGY, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND RHEUMATOLOGY 67377
    • CARDIOLOGY AND PNEUMOLOGY 67384
    • PHARMACOLOGY I 67371
    • PHARMACOLOGY 80794
    • GU TRACT AND ENDOCRINE DISEASES 67391
    TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB

    OVERVIEW

    The course gives students the fundamental elements of pathophysiology, which are essential for the successive comprehension of clinical medical sciences.

    AIMS AND CONTENT

    LEARNING OUTCOMES

    Physiopathology is a branch of medicine that combines physiology and pathology especially in the study of altered bodily function in disease. The learning outcome is the knowledge of the main physiopathological mechanisms of organs and systems,  in order to recognize the mechanisms and causes of their malfunction, and to be able to interpret the symptoms, which will be exposed to the students in the successive clinical courses

    AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

    Knowledge of the main physiopathological mechanisms of organs and systems, with particular regard to blood, liver, kidney, respiratory and digestive systems, some aspects of endocrinology and metabolism, and the physiopathology of neoplasms.

    PREREQUISITES

    basic knowledge in anatomy, histology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology

    TEACHING METHODS

    Lectures, with any possible dialectic interaction with students

    In case of sanitary emergency, lessons will switch to remote learning

    SYLLABUS/CONTENT

    Hematopoiesis

    The hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells

    Bone marrow transplant / HSC

    Erythropoiesis

    Anemias. Classification and general considerations

    Bone marrow aplasia

    B12 and folate deficiency anemia

    Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia

    Auto and alloimmune hemolytic anemias

    Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

     

    Hemostasis and bleeding diathesis

    Abnormalities of the vascular wall, thrombocytopenia

    Alterations of clotting factors

     

    The neoplastic transformation; benign and malignant tumors; metastasis

    Local and systemic effects, paraneoplastic syndromes

    Molecular basis of cancer

    Oncogenes and related neoplastic diseases

    Oncosuppressors and related neoplastic diseases

    Epidemiology

    Risk and prognostic factors, stage, grade

    Cancer stem cells (CSCs)

    Hematological neoplasms: classification and general considerations

    Myeloid neoplasms

    Lymphoid neoplasms

    Angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment

    Anti-tumor immune response

    Neoplasm and inflammation

     

    Atherosclerosis

    Ischemic heart disease

    Rheumatic fever

    Hypertension

    Heart failure

     

    Examples of pathologies of the grastrointestinal and respiratory systems

     

    Diabetes

    Pathogenesis of diabetes complications

    acute complications

    chronic complications

     

    Renal pathophysiology

    Kidney failure

    Evaluation of renal failure

    Hydro saline balance (water)

    Salt and water balance (sodium)

    The water and salt balance (potassium)

    The salt and water balance (calcium)

    The hydro saline balance (phosphorus)

    The acid-base balance: general information

    Metabolic disturbances of the acid-base equilibrium

     

    Dyslipidemias

    Alterations of carbohydrate metabolism (lactose intolerance, galactosemia)

    Changes in nitrogen metabolism (gout)

    Alterations in nitrogen metabolism (porphyrias)

    Alterations in nitrogen metabolism (phenylketonuria)

    Alterations in nitrogen metabolism (hyperhomocysteinemia)

    Methemoglobinemias

     

    Etiopathogenesis of liver damage

    Acute and chronic hepatitis

    Cirrhosis of the liver

    Hepatic insufficiency

    Jaundice

    Metabolic liver disease

    Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

    Metal storage liver disease

    RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

    Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Elsevier

    The didactic material is available in pdf format for download (https://www.aulaweb.unige.it).

    The aim of the course is also to familiarize students with online biomedical scientific literature (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed)

    Students with SLD, disability or other special educational needs certification are strongly encouraged to contact the teachers at the beginning of the course to agree on teaching methods which, respecting the teaching objectives, take into account individual learning methods and provide suitable compensatory instruments.

    TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

    Exam Board

    CRISTINA BOTTINO (President)

    NICOLA TRAVERSO (President)

    ANNA MARIA BASSI

    CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI

    LESSONS

    LESSONS START

    1st semester, 3rd year

    Class schedule

    All class schedules are posted on the EasyAcademy portal.

    EXAMS

    EXAM DESCRIPTION

    The end-of-course exam aims to evaluate the achievement of the educational objectives of the course. The exams take place on the dates indicated in the calendar. Verification is oral, conducted by two teachers for each student. The grade is assigned as a weighted average. The teachers verify the achievement of the educational objectives by asking diversified questions relating to the programs actually carried out during the lesson hours. When the educational objectives have not been achieved, the student is invited to better verify his knowledge and to take the exam again in its entirety. There are no student reception hours, but students can contact the teachers by email in order to make an appointment for further explanations.

    Exam Commission: Proff. Cristina Bottino, Nicola traverso, Cinzia Domenicotti

    In case of changes in the sanitary and epidemiological situation, the exams will be carried out remotely (TEAMS).

    ASSESSMENT METHODS

    Verification of learning takes place only through the final exam which aims to verify the actual acquisition, by the student, of the expected learning outcomes. In order to pass the exam, with a score of not less than 18/30, the student must demonstrate that they know and connect the topics covered during the course

    The following contribute to the final mark expressed out of thirty:

    - Ability to deal with the requested topics in a transversal and critical manner;

    - Correctness, clarity, synthesis and fluidity of presentation;

    - Mastery of the subject;

    - Adoption of appropriate terminology

    The mark of 30/30 with possible honors will be awarded when the knowledge / skills of the subject are excellent.

    Students with SLD or other regularly certified special educational needs will be able to agree on written or oral modalities with the teacher, by contacting the teachers at least 10 days before the exam. They can also take advantage of 30% additional time.

     

    Exam schedule

    Date Time Location Type Notes
    21/12/2022 14:00 GENOVA Orale Preappello riservato SOLO ed ESCLUSIVAMENTE agli studenti iscritti al 3 e 4 anno. Devono essere rispettate le propedeuticità dell'anno di iscrizione a medicina Gli studenti che non soddisfano i criteri di cui sopra non potranno sostenere l'esame SEDE ESAME: Aula 3 - Edificio 6 - Polo didattico Alberti L'elenco degli studenti con data e ora dell'esame sarà pubblicato sul team delle lezioni
    09/01/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale SEDE ESAME: Auletta patologia generale
    30/01/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale SEDE ESAME: Aula grande di patologia Generale
    20/02/2023 14:00 GENOVA Orale Gli studenti di odontoiatria sosterranno l'esame lunedì, ore 14.30, biblioteca di patologia Per gli studenti di medicina gli esami inizieranno mercoledì 22 febbraio (lettera estratta F). L'elenco degli studenti con data, ora e sede dell'esame è disponibile sul canale teams bw6jvck. Eventuali scambi 1:1 tra gli studenti devono essere comunicati in sede d'esame Nel caso del superamento di prove propedeutiche a fisiopatologia e non ancora registrate in carriera, gli studenti devono presentare una dichiarazione firmata dal docente
    06/04/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale Appello straordinario riservato a studenti IN CORSO CON OBBLIGO DI FREQUENZA iscritti al 3 o 4 anno di medicina SEDE: Aula 5 - Edificio 6 - Polo didattico Alberti ore 9.30 ANTONINI ALESSIO 4683504 API ANNA 4821940 BARBAGELATA BEATRICE 5000733 BONVICINO VALENTINA 5103177 BRAMBILLA FEDERICO 4932480 CARONI JUAN DAVIDE 4825108 COSTA ALESSANDRA 4834799 DE MORO FRANCESCA 4805704 DEL GAUDIO DENISE 5102220 FADDA FEDERICA 5005464 FOTSO KENGNE WILFRIED BORIS 4799742 GHISILIERI JORGE MANUEL 4820169 GRANDIS ALBERTO 4327798 ore 14.30 KHALIFA NORHAN 4371368 MARSANO NICOLÒ 5107137 ORSOLINO VIOLA 5017234 PANINA CHIARA 4815231 PASQUALI SUSANNA 5102451 PIASTRI FRANCESCA 5000744 PIETRAFRACCIA CHIARA EMMA 4822336 PROSERPIO CHIARA 5103111 RISSO VIRGINIA 4943819 RIVA ANNALISA 5109315 SQUERI CAROLA 4624929 TARÌ ALICE 5115277 VEGLIO VALENTINA 5017971 VINCI GIADA 5102439
    16/05/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale Appello riservato a studenti fuoricorso o ripetenti senza obbligo di frequenza SEDE: Auletta Patologia generale
    05/06/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale SEDE auletta chirurgica ORARIO h 14.30
    26/06/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale
    17/07/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale
    04/09/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale
    18/09/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale

    FURTHER INFORMATION

    Attendance allows the student to better learn the contents of the course because the teacher provides detailed explanations during the lessons and frames the topics with continuous references to the most current discoveries in the field of the subject. The teaching material is available online (Teams or Aulaweb)