LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course consists of theoretical lessons and laboratory activities and aims to give the basic notions for the quantitative determination of compounds with medicinal use. In particular, during the lab activities, quantitative assays of organic and inorganic compounds are carried out.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

Attendance and active participation in the proposed training activities (lectures and laboratory activities) and individual study will allow the student to:

- know the main purification techniques of organic mixtures;

- know the main methods of quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical chemistry;

- acquire mastery of experimental procedures thanks to laboratory experiences;

- acquire precision during quantitative analysis exercises;

- carry out laboratory exercises in an increasingly autonomous way, critically choosing the best conditions for analysis depending on the assigned sample;

- understand and critically interpret the experimental results;

- correctly drwau up a scientific report of a lab experience.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching is divided into lectures and individual or group lab activities for 96 hours. The lessons will present the theory that supports the laboratory exercises. Before each laboratory exercise, a brief theoretical introduction will be held in preparation for the experience. Students will have to apply the provided experimental protocol and the described methods in the lab. At the end of each experience, a short report on the activity carried out will be required. The organization and dates of the laboratory exercises will be communicated directly by the teacher at the beginning of the lessons.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Theoretical topics

• Guidelines on laboratory safety and chemical use.
• Introduction to the quantitative determination of compounds registered in FU XII Ed. and FE X Ed.
• Chemical analysis stages.
• Solubility.
• Techniques of sample purification:
  • Extraction: liquid/liquid, solid/liquid, continuous and discontinuous; separation of mixtures using a separating funnel; drying the sample.
  • Chromatography: adsorption chromatography (TLC and classical column chromatography); partition chromatography; ion-exchange chromatography; size exclusion chromatography; affinity chromatography.
  • Distillation: simple and fractional; the distillation process from a chemical-physical point of view; the azeotropes; steam distillation.
• Evaluation of analytical data and estimation of their reliability.
• Laboratory instruments and glassware for quantitative analysis.
• Introduction to quantitative volumetric analysis.
• Application of volumetric titrations to the quantitative analysis of substances registered in FU XII Ed.:
  • Acid-base titrations
  • Complexometric titrations
  • Titrations by precipitation
  • Redox titrations
  • Potentiometric titrations

Practical training

• Extraction in a separating funnel of a mixture of organic substances of pharmaceutical interest. Monitoring of extraction via TLC.
• Column chromatography of a drug mixture. Chromatographic column monitoring via TLC.
• Quantitative determination of compounds of pharmaceutical interest through applications of alkalimetry, complexometry, and permanganometry.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Fondamenti di chimica analitica di Skoog e West, Terza Edizione - F. James Holler e Stanley R. Crouch, EDISES – ISBN 9788879598651
• Analisi chimico farmaceutica - F. Savelli e O. Bruno - PICCIN
• Principi di Analisi Farmaceutica, Quarta Edizione - V. Cavrini e V. Andrisano, ESCULAPIO