CODE 64192 ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023 CREDITS 6 cfu anno 3 CHIMICA E TECNOLOGIA FARMACEUTICHE 8451 (LM-13) - GENOVA SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR MED/04 LANGUAGE Italian TEACHING LOCATION GENOVA SEMESTER 1° Semester PREREQUISITES Propedeuticità in ingresso Per sostenere l'esame di questo insegnamento è necessario aver sostenuto i seguenti esami: Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology 8451 (coorte 2020/2021) MATHEMATICS (PCT)(MD) 55402 2020 PHYSICS (PCT)(MD) 55404 2020 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (PCT)MD) 60829 2020 ANIMAL BIOLOGY AND HUMAN ANATOMY (I.C.)(PCT MD) 64555 2020 TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB OVERVIEW The teaching of General Pathology studies the concept of health and disease, the causes of diseases, the cellular pathology, the neoplasms and the defense responses of the human being. AIMS AND CONTENT LEARNING OUTCOMES The course aims to enable the student to know the etiological basis and the pathogenic mechanisms of the diseases in humans. The course is divided into several parts including: Etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Physical and chemical causes of disease. Biotransformation of xenobiotics. Principles of free radical pathology. Pathophysiology of cell injury. Neoplastic transformation. The tissue response to injury: inflammation and immunity. AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES The main purpose of the course is to provide students with basic knowledge on the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases in humans, as well as the mechanisms of tissue response to damage: inflammation, shelter and adaptive immunity. Attendance at lectures and individual study will allow the student a) to know the causes of human diseases, b) to recognize the different responses of adaptation to damage, c) to describe and classify inflammatory responses and d) to describe and classify epithelial and connective tumors. PREREQUISITES To effectively address the teaching content, the following basic knowledge is needed: elements of cell and genetic biology; notions of anatomy, histology and physiology. TEACHING METHODS Teaching is organized in frontal classroom lectures for a total of 48 hours. The lectures are given by the teacher through the use of presentations that are made available to students on the Unige web classroom. In the period of health emergency the lessons can be carried out remotely by TEAMS platform. SYLLABUS/CONTENT Fields of the study of General Pathology. Concept of homeostasis. Differences between the disease, the pathological state, process and phenomenon. Reversible and irreversible cell damage. Cellular pathology. GENERAL AETIOLOGY: genetic and chromosomal disorders. Radiations. Trauma and wound repair. Burns and frostbite. Mode of action of pathogenic chemicals. Alteration of the pH. Solvent action. Denaturing action. Toxic action. Enzymatic defenses: Phase I and II biotransformation mechanisms. Causes of proteic malnutrition: marasma and kwashiorkor. Anorexia and bulimia. The water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins related deficiencies. Deficiencies in minerals. Obesity. Dietary relationships with atherogenesis and cancer. INFLAMMATION Definition, causes and stages. Chemical mediators. Vasoconstriction. Vasodilation, the active hyperemia and the consequences on the balance of Starling-Landis. The increase of the permeability and the inflammatory edema formation. The chemical mediators of cellular and plasma origin. Chemotaxis, diapedesis and phagocytosis. The passive hyperemia and its consequences; cyanosis and its mechanism; inflammation tissue suffering. The acute phase reaction: mechanisms, consequences and significance. Resolution and its possible outcome: healing (with recovered fully or outcome scar) and regressive diseases. Classification of acute inflammation: serous, fibrinous, mucous, purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic, allergic. Chronic inflammation and chronic inflammatory infiltrate cells. The types of chronic inflammation (widespread and granulomatous). Granulomas: definition and etiology. Structure of tuberculous granuloma and its possible evolution. Notes on tuberculosis (primary complex, post-primary tuberculosis). FEVER: Termoproduction and heat dispersion. Febrile hyperthermia. Types of fever. IMMUNOLOGY: innate and acquired immunity. Antigens and antibodies. Cells of the immune system. Cytokines. Antigen presentation. Conformational determinants and sequential. Defenses against viruses and bacteria. IMMUNOPATHOLOGY: Hypersensitivity reactions (I, II, III, IV). Autoimmune disease (systemic and organospecifiche). Congenital and acquired (AIDS) immunodeficiencies. CANCER: molecular basis of cancer: oncogenes and their activation. Alterations of tumor suppressors. Etiology of cancer. Initiation and promotion. Classification of tumors. RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY PAROLA M.: PATOLOGIA GENERALE-EDISES PONTIERI G.M.: PATOLOGIA GENERALE-EDIZ. PICCIN Lecture notes will be available and shared on Aulaweb. TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI Ricevimento: The reception of the students is agreed from time to time, according to the needs and deadlines, by e-mail to the following address: Cinzia.Domenicotti@unige.it The office is located at General Pathology Section - DIMES via LB Alberti 2- Genoa tel +39 010 3538830 BARBARA MARENGO Ricevimento: The reception of the students is planned from monday to friday (9.30-17.00) , according to the needs and deadlines, by e-mail to the following address: Barbar.Marengo@unige.it The office is located at General Pathology Section - DIMES via LB Alberti 2- Genoa tel +39 010 3538831 Exam Board CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI (President) BARBARA MARENGO SUSANNA PENCO (Substitute) LESSONS LESSONS START General Pathology lessons begin in the first semester generally in early October. In periods of health emergency they are held remotely using the TEAMS platform and the code to enter the classroom is communicated via the web classroom. Class schedule The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy EXAMS EXAM DESCRIPTION The exam consists of an oral test. In the period of healthy emergency, the oral exam can be held remotely in telematic mode. ASSESSMENT METHODS The oral exam will focus on the discussion of some topics concerning the program carried out by which the teacher will verify if the student has achieved the aims and learning outcomes. The ability to show, summarize and critically analyze the contents of the program will also be evaluated. Exam schedule Data appello Orario Luogo Degree type Note 07/04/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale 19/06/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale 03/07/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale 21/07/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale 05/09/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale 22/09/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale 28/12/2023 09:00 GENOVA Orale 23/01/2024 09:00 GENOVA Orale 16/02/2024 09:00 GENOVA Orale