LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course of Pharmacology aims to provide knowledge about the general mechanisms of drug interactions with the biological structures. The course will deal from a qualitative and quantitative point of view:

• the interactions of drugs with receptors and other proteins
• the mechanisms of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
• the individual variability of the drug response
• the toxicity of a drug
• the mechanisms of drug interactions

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The goal is to create a solid foundation for dealing with the management of the drug.

The student will learn what a pharmacological problem means, analyze the efficacy and safety of a drug and evaluate specific cases related to the emerging development of biotechnological drugs

PREREQUISITES

General chemistry and inorganic

Organic chemical I.

Organic chemical II.

Biochemistry and applied biochemistry 

Animal biology and human anatomy 

Maths

Physics

General Physiology

TEACHING METHODS

Frontal lectures or, if necessary, in telematic teaching mode.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

1. General Pharmacology and Toxicology
2. Pharmacodynamics
3. Pharmacokinetics (PK)
4. Challenges in Pharmacological Research
5. Receptors
6. Ionotropic Rs  (IRs)
7. Metabotropic R Metabotropy (MRs)
8. IRs Main families, localization, activities
9. MRs Main families, localization, activities
10. Other receptors
11. Carrier (T)
12. T Main families, localization, activities
13. Non-functional Techniques
14. Functional Techniques
15. Drug-Receptor interaction (FR)
16. Pharmacological Theories
17. FR Constants and parameters
18. FR Linear and logarithmic graphic representations

19. Computer software and tools
20. Allosteric and orthosteric ligands
21. Absorption
22. Distribution
23. Metabolism
24. Elimination
25. PK In the elderly
26. PK In the smoker
27. PK In the cannabis consumer
28. PK in the obesity
29. Routes of administration
30. Ways of elimination
31. Metabolism's Phases, genetic variations and processes
32. PK Parameters and kinetics
33. Toxicology
34. Drugs Handling 
35. Preclinical, and clinical trials
36. Toxicity test
37. Mechanisms of Toxicity

38. ADR and Pharmacovigilance
39. Forensic toxicology
40. Contrast liquids

41 Vaccines and biotechnological drugs

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Goodman & Gilman Le basi farmacologiche della terapia Zanichelli

Hitner & Nagle Principi di Farmacologia Zanichelli

Katzung, Master, Trevor Frmacologia Generale e clinica Piccin

Casarett & Doull Elementi di tossicologia Casa editrice Ambrosiana

Tossicologia generale e applicata ai farmaci- Manzo, Paolillo e Vitalone -edra

Il meccanismo d'azione dei farmaci Francesco Clementi Guido Fumagalli-edra

Rossi, Cuomo, Riccardi Farmacologia principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche IV ed Edizioni Minerva Medica