LEARNING OUTCOMES

Didactic goal will be the acquisition of the basic pharmacological knowledge to be able to prescribe and administer the drugs of common use during the odontoiatric practice, focusing on composition, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical use, side effects, toxicity, and interactions. Moreover, effects, contraindications and interactions of other drugs commonly used in internal medicine, should be known as possible interferents with the common odontoiatric procedures.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course the student should be:

-Know the main bases of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

-Know mechanisms of action, route of administration, distribution and elimination of the main drugs used during odontoiatric procedures (i.e. NSAIDs, local anesthetics, antibiotics, etc.), their toxicity and the main interaction with other internistic drugs

TEACHING METHODS

Teaching of pharmacology will be performed by frontal lessons, Total CFU are 6 (60 hours)

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

1) Introduction to the study of pharmacology (definition of drug, toxicant); pharmaceutical preparations, development of new drugs (preclinical and clinical experimentation); pharmacognosy

2) Route of administration of the drugs; bioavailability; drug absorption and physico-chemical requirements to cross bio-membranes. First pass metabolism.

 3) Drug distribution and VAD, protein binding; phase I and II drug metabolism

4) Renal and extra renal drug elimination; 1 and 0 order kinetics; clearance, steady state.

5) Pharmacodynamics: drug-receptor interaction; agonists; competitive and non-competitive antagonists; partial agonist; inverse agonists. Definition and significance of potency and efficacy. Therapeutic index; up- and down regulation of the receptors;

6) structure and functioning of the main types of receptors, ion channels, and pharmacologically relevant enzymes. Signal transduction;

7) Adverse drug reactions; pharmaco-allergy, idiosyncrasy, tolerance. Factors at the basis of the individual differences in the drug action.

8) Adrenergic neurotransmission and pharmacological modulation

9) Cholinergic neurotransmission and pharmacological modulation

10) Benzodiazepines: mechanism of action, clinical use, toxicity; compounds Z

11) Pharmacology of nociception and opiates

12) NSAIDs

13) Glucocorticoids

14) Local anesthetics and association with sympathomimetic amines; general anesthetics; N2O

15) General concepts of antibiotic-therapy; misuse and resistance

16) Beta-lactams (penicillin G, and p semisynthetic penicillins) beta-lactamase inhibitors

17) Cephalosporines. carbapenemes, monobactamic. Glycopeptides

18)   Macrolides

19) Fluorochinolones

20) Second choice antibiotics; antiseptics

Drug prescription in Italy

21) Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, CAF

22) Antiviral drugs

23) Antifungines

24) Drugs affecting calcium metabolism

25) antagonists of H1 and H2 receptors

26) Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs

27) Drugs used for emergency

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

All the slides shown during the frontal lessons will be made available to the students on the Aulaweb site.

All the pharmacology textbooks for Dentistry are suitable to integrate the lessons (i.e. Farmacologia in odontoiatria di Matilde Amico Roxas, UTET editore)