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APPLIED BIOLOGY

CODE 58087
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023
CREDITS
  • 7 cfu during the 1st year of 8746 ODONTOIATRIA E PROTESI DENTARIA (LM-46) - GENOVA
  • SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR BIO/13
    LANGUAGE Italian
    TEACHING LOCATION
  • GENOVA
  • SEMESTER 1° Semester
    MODULES This unit is a module of:
    TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB

    OVERVIEW

    The course consists of frontal lectures of cell biology and general genetics. At the end of the course students will be accompanied in the laboratory where the teacher works to see how a research laboratory is organized. In addition, students will be able to attend on-going experiments related to the exam program.

    AIMS AND CONTENT

    LEARNING OUTCOMES

    The course promotes the knowledge of the organization and functioning of eukaryotic cells and the understanding of inheritance transmission mechanisms.

    AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

    At the end of the course the student knows:

    - living matter composition and organization in its biological elementary units and basic cellular processes of living organisms.

    - organization of genetic information, its transmission and expression in eukariotic cells and interaction between ambient and genome.

    - cellular proliferation and organism reproduction and principal mechanisms that underly to the continuity and variance of organisms.

    TEACHING METHODS

    frontal lectures and visit to a research laboratory

    SYLLABUS/CONTENT

    Cell Biology

    living cell composition

    • Lipids, proteins, nucleic acid and carbohydrates. Structure and their functions.

    Metabolic energy

    ATP production from organic molecules

    Cellular components biosynthesis 

    The cell:

    • VIrus, procariotic and eucariotic cells
    • Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. Function of different structures.

    Asexual and sexual reproduction

    Cell cycle and mitosis

    • Meiosis
    • Cell division control

    Signal transmission: 

    • Growth factors and cell signal transduction

    Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenic viruses

    Cell death and cell renewal:

    • Programmed cell death
    • stem cells

    The extracellular matrix:

    • Component macromolecules and its organization

    Cellular interactions:

    • Cell-cell interactions
    • Cell-matrix interactions

    General Genetics

    The gene theory and Mendelism
    Mendel's laws:

    • Segregation of alleles and the genetic significance of meiosis
    • The independent assortment

    Non-Mendelian inheritance and variations in Mendelian ratio:

    • Multiple Alleles and ABO Blood Groups
    • Incomplete dominance and Co-dominance
    • Interaction between genes
    • lethal genes

    The chromosomal theory of inheritance:

    • Match between Mendelian factors and chromosomes
    • Sexual chromosomes
    • Characters related to sex

    The chromosome nondisjunction
    Chromosomal translocations
    Human chromosomal syndromes
    Concatenation and gene mapping:

    • Gene Association and Recombination
    • Calculation of the gene distances by recombination
    • Cross over points for gene mapping (hints)

    The anatomy of the human genome
    Character Transmission
    Dominance and recessive
    Autosomic characters
    Characters related to sex
    The genealogical trees
    Penetration and Expressivity
    The biochemical nature of the gene:

    • The discovery of nucleic acids
    • Griffith's experiment and bacterial transformation
    • Identifying DNA as a Transforming Principle
    • The DNA structure
    • Implications of the Watson & Crick model
    • The Central Dogma of Biology

    DNA duplication

    • DNA replication theoretical models
    • DNA Polymerase
    • The replications in the prokaryotes
    • Replication in eukaryotes

    Genetic mutations

    • Molecular mechanisms of mutations
    • Molecular DNA repair mechanism

    The transcription of RNA

    • The world of RNAs
    • RNA polymerase II and transcription of mRNA
    • The maturation of mRNA
    • RNA polymerase I and rRNA transcription
    • RNA polymerase III and the transcription of tRNA, snRNA, snoRNA

    Protein biosynthesis

    • The molecular structure of proteins-coding genes
    • The genetic code
    • tRNAs
    • Protein synthesis in prokaryotes
    • Protein synthesis in eukaryotes
    • Post-translational modifications

     

    RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

    L'essenziale di Biologia Molecolare della Cellula, Alberts et al., Zanichelli

    Biologia Molecolare della cellula. Harvey Lodish et al., Zanichelli

    Genetica, un approcciomolecolare. Peter J. Russel, Pearson

    Genetica - principi di analisiformale. Anthony J. F. Griffiths et al.

    TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

    Exam Board

    PAOLO MALATESTA

    SARA TAVELLA (President and Coordinator of Integrated Course)

    LESSONS

    Class schedule

    All class schedules are posted on the EasyAcademy portal.

    EXAMS

    Exam schedule

    Date Time Location Type Notes
    31/01/2023 09:00 GENOVA Scritto
    14/02/2023 09:00 GENOVA Scritto
    13/06/2023 09:00 GENOVA Scritto
    04/07/2023 09:00 GENOVA Scritto
    19/09/2023 09:00 GENOVA Scritto