LEARNING OUTCOMES

The teaching aims to provide the current status of knowledge on the chemical composition of the seawater and of the processes that occur in the marine environment changing the distribution of the main chemical species.The student will acquire the ability to evaluate the measurements of the chemical composition of marine waters, in relation to spatial and temporal distribution and biological activities.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

Knowledge of the chemical composition of the  seawater and of the processes that occur in the  marine environment changing the distribution of the main chemical species. The student will acquire the ability to evaluate the measurements of the chemical composition of marine waters, in relation to spatial and temporal distribution and biological activities.

PREREQUISITES

Knowledge  of  both  inorganic and organic chemistry main topics.

TEACHING METHODS

Formal Lectures: Each lecture covers the main concepts and topics of the course content  by the use of PowerPoint presentations. Appropriate references to parts of course textbooks and suggested references are provided at each lecture.

Please refer to the specific AulaWeb application  for any updates due to changes in the health and epidemiological situation.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Scope and history of chemical oceanography

1. Physical properties of water. Salt in solution; sea water as an electrolyte

2. Composition of seawater

2.1 Major constituents of seawater. Definition and methods of measure of salinity. Chemical tracers elements  (CFCs, oxygen isotopes) to quantify the mixing processes in the ocean.

2.2 The role and variability of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicium) in seawater.

2.3  Organic matter in the sea: primary production and other sources of organic matter. Humic acids

2.4 Simple gases. Solubility in water and atmospheric exchange. Dissolved oxygen. Ocean's CO2 system

2.5 Distribution and cycling of trace metals. 2.6  Effects of trace metals towards marine biota: speciation, availability, uptake, toxic effects

3 Chemical equilibria in marine environments: equilibria of carbonate species; redox chemistry; metal complexing reactions.

4. Speciation of metal in sea water by model approach and by analytical methods. 5 Exchange at the boundaries

5.1 Air -sea exchange

5.2 Sediment -water exchange

6 Solid phases

6.1 Suspended particulate matter and sediments.

6.2 Trace elements-solid phase reactions: adsorption, ionic exchange, precipitation and co-precipitation reactions.

6.3 Solid speciation and selective extraction procedures.

7. Standard operational procedures of sampling and analysis. Data pre treatment.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Frank Millero Chemical Oceanography 4 °edition, 2013 CRC Press

Susan M. LibesIntroduction to marine biogeochemistry,  2009, Academic Press

Power Point presentations  and bibliographic references available at chemical oceanography  teaching aulaweb page.