CODE 57289 ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023 CREDITS 6 cfu anno 3 SCIENZE BIOLOGICHE 8762 (L-13) - GENOVA SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR BIO/14 LANGUAGE Italian TEACHING LOCATION GENOVA SEMESTER 1° Semester PREREQUISITES Propedeuticità in ingresso Per sostenere l'esame di questo insegnamento è necessario aver sostenuto i seguenti esami: Biological Sciences 8762 (coorte 2020/2021) INSTITUTIONS OF MATHEMATICS 52344 2020 TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB OVERVIEW Pharmacology deals with drugs, therefore with exogenous molecules which interacting with endogenous molecules determine functional variations of biological systems. Pharmacology has close links with other disciplines such as biochemistry, physiology, pathology. Pharmacology is characterized by a quantitive approach: the quantification of the effect of a molecule on a biological system allows its characterization as a drug, exploitable from a therapeutic point of view, or as a toxicant. On this basis, the course aims to provide knowledge on the interactions of exogenous molecules (drugs) and endogenous molecules (receptors) present at the level of biological systems, and on the variations in biological systems resulting from these interactions AIMS AND CONTENT LEARNING OUTCOMES Provide adequate basic knowledge on the interactions of exogenous molecules (drugs etc.) and endogenous molecules present at the level of biological systems (enzymes, receptors etc.).Goals include basic knowledge about the functional effects and the impact of the aforementioned interactions on the biological systems. AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES Aims: Providing updated knowledge on: Pharmacodynamic, mechanisms of action of drugs, drug targets and receptors, drug-receptor interaction; Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion of a drug) From the drug administration to the drug effects: primary and secondary effects, adverse drug reactions. Providing knowledge on variability of the response to drugs. Principles of pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomic and gender-specific pharmacology; individualization of the therapy. Representative classes of drugs and application of general pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic principles of pharmacology to molecules belonging to specific drug classes. Learning outcomes: Definition of drug, pharmacological target, mechanisms of action of drug. Knowledge of basic concepts of drug administration and pharmacokinetic principles, adverse drug reactions. Application of basic concepts to single drug classes. PREREQUISITES ISTITUZIONI DI MATEMATICHE 52344 TEACHING METHODS Lectures SYLLABUS/CONTENT INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY - definitions - structurally specific and non-specific drugs - from the molecular mechanism of action to the drug effect. Pharmacology: branches of pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, definitions of pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, gender-specific pharmacology. DRUG RECEPTORS - Classification of membrane and intracellular receptors. Metabotropic receptors: structure - signal transduction mechanisms. Ionotropic receptors - classification. Class I receptors structure QUANTITATIVE PHARMACOLOGY - Receptor theories. Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist. Affinity of an agonist; intrinsic activity - Affinity of an agonist, pD2; Intrinsic activity, alpha: limits of validity. Agonists and partial agonists: calculation of the pD2 value; calculation of the value of alpha. Antagonists - competitive antagonism and non-competitive antagonisms. Affinity of an antagonist - pA2. Definition and calculation of the pA2 value PHARMACOKINETICS: introduction to ADME (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion). Passage of drugs across membranes. Passive diffusion, passive transport, active transport, pinocytosis and endocytosis; passage from one compartment to another: cerebral capillaries, hepatic sinusoids. Absorption of drugs and routes of administration for drugs - general information. Route of administration: sublingual, oral, rectal. Inhalation drug administration. Cutaneous drug administration. Parenteral routes of drug administration, Intravenous - intramuscular - subcutaneous. Distribution of drugs. Volume of distribution. Drug binding to plasma protein Drug metabolism. Oxidations, reductions, hydrolysis. Conjugation reactions Elimination of drugs. Gastrointestinal and hepatic excretion. Renal excretion Secondary routes of drug elimination - salivary, lacrimal, milk Introduction to pharmacokinetic modeling. VARIABILITY OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL RESPONSE - predictable and unpredictable variables - Therapeutic index. Adverse drug effects - Teratogenesis Introduction to Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics; Gender-specific pharmacology R&D. Drug research and development BIOTECHNOLOGICAL DRUGS ANTIULCER DRUGS. Characteristics, drug classes, therapeutic use, side effects NON-STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS - NSAID. General characteristics, drug classes, therapeutic use, side effects GENERAL ANESTHETICS. General information, classes of drugs, clinical use RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY Golan DE et al – Principi di farmacologia – Casa Editrice Ambrosiana Goodman & Gilmans – Le basi farmacologiche della terapia – McGraw-Hill Slides from lectures (downloading from Aula WEB) TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD CHIARA CERVETTO Ricevimento: By appointment MANUELA MARCOLI Ricevimento: By appointment Exam Board MANUELA MARCOLI (President) GUIDO MAURA CHIARA CERVETTO (President Substitute) LESSONS LESSONS START For lessons start and timetable go to the link: https://easyacademy.unige.it/portalestudenti/ Please check the module Aulaweb page for timetable updates dependent on the sanitary and epidemic situation. Class schedule PHARMACOLOGY EXAMS EXAM DESCRIPTION Oral examination ASSESSMENT METHODS Questions to figure out the student knowing and understanding. Questions to assess the level of knowledge, insight, and critical knowledge of the topics Exam schedule Data Ora Luogo Degree type Note 16/01/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale 30/01/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale 20/02/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale 12/06/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale 26/06/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale 17/07/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale 18/09/2023 14:30 GENOVA Orale FURTHER INFORMATION Course attendance is recommended