CODE 61197 ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024 CREDITS 9 cfu anno 2 MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA 8745 (LM-41) - GENOVA SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR MED/04 LANGUAGE Italian TEACHING LOCATION GENOVA SEMESTER 2° Semester MODULES Questo insegnamento è un modulo di: ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF DISEASES TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB OVERVIEW Experimental Pathology, is the branch of medicine treating the aetiology of the diseases and their different processes through the microscopic or molecular examination of organs, tissues, cells, or body fluids from diseased organisms. Another important aspect involved in this field concerns the analysis of the mechanisms by which the body defends itself against infections and, in particular, what happens when the Immunological System doesn’t work properly. AIMS AND CONTENT LEARNING OUTCOMES The course of Experimental Pathology aims to transmit to the student a deep knowledge about aetiology and phathogenesis of the diseases. Students will also study all the different immunological mechanisms involved in the immune responses both in normal and pathological conditions. These studies should be considered as preparatory for planned clinical subjects in subsequent years. AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES The General Pathology course aims: - to provide the knowledge about the etiology and the pathogenesis of human diseases both at the cellular and at the molecular levels; - to provide an overall comprehension of the mechanisms at the base of cellular pathology and of the inflammatory response; - to develop an adequate knowledge about the immunological mechanisms involved in the immune response and in diseases responsible for/caused by immune system alterations. At the end of the course the student will be able: - to gain a deep knowledge about the etiology and the pathogenesis of the diseases in humans; - to classify the causes of disease; - to recognize the adaptation responses to cellular injury and the morphological and biochemical modifications associated to cell death; - to gain a deep knowledge about inflammation and tissue repair and to describe the mechanisms involved; - to apply the acquired knowledge on the immune response to explain defense mechanisms against infectious agents and tumors; - to apply the acquired knowledge on the immune response to explain the mechanisms involved in immune system alterations; - to acquire a correct terminology for the proper presentation of the pathological processes; - to critically deal with the clinical subjects planned in subsequent years. TEACHING METHODS Teaching is divided into 90 hours of classroom lectures on all the topics of the syllabus. These topics are explained by the teachers through PowerPoint presentations and all the lessons are shared in Aulaweb. The teachers always recommend the use of a textbook to expand the overall view of the subject. Attendance in this course is mandatory. The frontal lessons could be carried out remotely in online mode using the Teams platform. SYLLABUS/CONTENT Concepts of health and disease, etiology, pathogenesis. Causes of disease: Chemical and drug injury. Injury by physical agents (ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, thermal and electrical injury). Injury by free radicals. Nutritional diseases. Biological causes of disease: pathogenesis of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Bacterial toxins. Superantigens. Tetanus. Dyphteria. Streptococcal and post-streptococcal diseases. Cytopathic and non cytopathic viruses. Herpesviruses. Influenza. Malaria. Cellular pathology: Cell injury and cellular adaptations. Regressive processes. Atrophy. Degenerative processes. Lysosomal storage diseases. Cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. Inflammation: Acute inflammation. Inflammatory cells. Innate immunity receptors. Innate immunity defects. Chemical mediators of inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines. Chemokines. Leukocyte migration. Systemic effects of inflammation. Acute phase response. Septic shock. Classification and outcome of acute inflammation. Chronic inflammation. Granulomas. Inflammation and cancer. Autoinflammatory disorders. Immunology and Immunopathology: Cells and Tissues of the Immune System. General features of the Innate and Adaptive Immune response. Origin and maturation of T and B lymphocytes. The Antigen receptor gene rearrangement (Immunoglobulin and T Cell receptors). Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Antigen processing and presentation to T Lymphocytes. Dendritic Cells. Activation of T Lymphocytes. Effector mechanisms of Cell-mediated Immunity. Cytotoxic and Helper T cells subpopulations. Cytokines. Natural Killer Cells. B cell activation and Antibody production. Effector mechanisms of Humoral Immunity. Immunity to Pathogens. Mucosal Immunity. The Hypersensitivity Reactions. Congenital and acquired Immunodeficiencies. Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity. Systemic and organ specific autoimmune disease. Immunological Memory and vaccines. Transplantation Immunology. Immunity to tumors. Tumor escape. Anti-tumor immunotherapy. RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Bases of Disease 10th edition - Elsevier Rubin’s Pathology - Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine. Pontieri (Mainiero, Misasi, Sorice) - Patologia generale & Fisiopatologia generale, Piccin AA VV - Patologia generale e Fisiopatologia, Idelson-Gnocchi Abbas, Lichtman, Pillai - Cellular and Molecular Immunology. Elsevier Parham - The immune system. Garland Science Dianzani, Pucillo - Immunologia e Immunopatologia, Edi-Ermes As optional research material, reviews in English language concerning several topics of the course will be available in Aulaweb. TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD CLAUDIA CANTONI Ricevimento: Students have the possibility to contact the teacher by e-mail (claudia.cantoni@unige.it) or by phone (010 56362845) and ask for an appointment. Address 1: Laboratorio di Immunologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Padiglione 2, Istituto G. Gaslini, L. go G. Gaslini 5 Address 2: Sezione di Patologia Generale - DIMES, Via L. Alberti, 2 GABRIELLA PIETRA Ricevimento: Students have the possibility to contact Gabriella Pietra by e-mail (gabriella.pietra@unige.it) or by phone (010 5558219) and ask for an appointment. Address 1: Laboratorio di Immunologia CBA/ Pad 90, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Address 2: Sezione di Patologia Generale - DIMES, Via L. Alberti, 2 CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI Ricevimento: The reception of the students is agreed from time to time, according to the needs and deadlines, by e-mail to the following address: Cinzia.Domenicotti@unige.it The office is located at General Pathology Section - DIMES via LB Alberti 2- Genoa tel +39 010 3538830 GUIDO FERLAZZO Exam Board WILLIAM BRUNO (President) VINCENZO DI PILATO (President) GUIDO FERLAZZO (President) PAOLA GHIORZO (President) GABRIELLA PIETRA (President) ALDAMARIA PULITI (President) SONIA SCARFI' (President) CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI ANNA MARCHESE LORENZA PASTORINO GABRIELLA PIATTI CLAUDIA CANTONI (President and Coordinator of Integrated Course) LESSONS LESSONS START March 2024 Class schedule The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy EXAMS EXAM DESCRIPTION Students are allowed to undergo the oral examination only if they have passed the test concerning the modules of the first semester with at least 18/30 (this mark is valid for 18 months). The oral examination consists of a 30 minutes interview in the presence of the course teachers. The student, in the presence of the committee, should demonstrate the ability to critically discuss all the subjects covered in the questions. Through the discussion of different topics, the committee verifies the fulfillment of the expected earning outcomes. At the end of the oral examination, teachers elaborate a mark deriving from the weighted average of the partial/preliminary marks and from an overall judgment/evaluation of the student. Available dates for examination will be 3 for the winter session (January-February) and 4 for the summer session (June-September). An extra date outside the periods indicated in the course guidelines will be given only to students without obligation to attend lessons. In order to attend the oral examination, students will have to register on the website (https://servizionline.unige.it/studenti/esami/prenotazione) at least four days before the examination date. If necessary, the exam could be carried out remotely in online mode using the Teams platform. ASSESSMENT METHODS Verification of learning is carried out through the oral exam, aimed at verifying the real acquisition by the student of the expected learning outcomes. In order to pass the exam the student will have: - to know the etiological basis and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases and how to analyze their main cellular and molecular aspects; - to understand the different immunological mechanisms involved in the immune response and to know the diseases associated to the dysfunction of the immune system. The following items will contribute to the final mark: - ability to critically discuss the requested topics; - accuracy, clarity, synthesis and fluency; - competence in the subject; - speaking ability and correct use of terminology. Exam schedule Data appello Orario Luogo Degree type Note 09/01/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale 01/02/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale 20/02/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale 28/03/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale 17/06/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale 03/07/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale 23/07/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale 18/09/2024 08:30 GENOVA Orale FURTHER INFORMATION Students have the opportunity to contact the teacher by e-mail and ask for an appointment depending on the needs.
