OVERVIEW

The teaching introduces the student to the main purification techniques of organic mixtures and quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical chemistry. The topics of the theoretical course are conducted in close correlation with the practical training in the laboratory.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The teaching aims to provide students with the theoretical notions and practical skills necessary for purifying organic samples and the quantitative determination of substances of pharmaceutical interest.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

Attendance and active participation in the proposed training activities (lectures and laboratory activities) and individual study will allow the student to:

- understand and know how to apply the main purification techniques of organic mixtures;

- understand and know how to apply the main purification techniques of organic mixtures the main methods of quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical chemistry;

- acquire mastery of experimental procedures thanks to laboratory experiences;

- acquire precision during quantitative analysis exercises;

- carry out laboratory exercises in an increasingly autonomous way, critically choosing the best conditions for analysis depending on the assigned sample;

- understand and critically interpret the experimental results;

- correctly drwau up a scientific report of a lab experience.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching is divided into lectures and individual or group lab activities for 96 hours. The lessons will present the theory that supports the laboratory exercises. Before each laboratory exercise, a brief theoretical introduction will be held in preparation for the experience. In the practical part, students must apply the experimental protocol provided, critically choosing the best conditions for the analysis according to the assigned sample. At the end of each activity, a brief report on the activity carried out will be requested, with a critical interpretation of the data obtained. The organization and dates of the laboratory exercises will be communicated directly by the teacher at the beginning of the lessons.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Theoretical topics

• Guidelines on laboratory safety and chemical use.
• Introduction to the quantitative determination of compounds registered in FU XII Ed. and FE X Ed.
• Chemical analysis stages.
• Solubility.
• Techniques of sample purification:
  • Extraction: liquid/liquid, solid/liquid, continuous and discontinuous; separation of mixtures using a separating funnel; drying the sample.
  • Chromatography: adsorption chromatography (TLC and classical column chromatography); partition chromatography; ion-exchange chromatography; size exclusion chromatography; affinity chromatography.
  • Distillation: simple and fractional; the distillation process from a chemical-physical point of view; the azeotropes; steam distillation.
• Evaluation of analytical data and estimation of their reliability.
• Laboratory instruments and glassware for quantitative analysis.
• Introduction to quantitative volumetric analysis.
• Application of volumetric titrations to the quantitative analysis of substances registered in FU XII Ed.:
  • Acid-base titrations
  • Complexometric titrations
  • Titrations by precipitation
  • Redox titrations
  • Potentiometric titrations

Practical training

• Extraction in a separating funnel of a mixture of organic substances of pharmaceutical interest. Monitoring of extraction via TLC.
• Column chromatography of a drug mixture. Chromatographic column monitoring via TLC.
• Quantitative determination of compounds of pharmaceutical interest through applications of alkalimetry, complexometry, and permanganometry.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Fondamenti di chimica analitica di Skoog e West, Terza Edizione - F. James Holler e Stanley R. Crouch, EDISES – ISBN 9788879598651
• Analisi chimico farmaceutica - F. Savelli e O. Bruno - PICCIN
• Principi di Analisi Farmaceutica, Quarta Edizione - V. Cavrini e V. Andrisano, ESCULAPIO

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

FRANCESCA MICHELA MUSUMECI (President)

ELENA CICHERO

ANNA CARBONE (Substitute)

VALERIA FRANCESCONI (Substitute)

MICHELE TONELLI (Substitute)

LESSONS

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam consists of an oral test lasting about 45 minutes. For the final evaluation, the results of the analyzes carried out in the laboratory exercises will also be taken into account.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

The student's ability to acquire a progressive mastery of the experimental techniques used, arriving at autonomously carrying out the analyzes, interpreting the data critically, and drawing up the reports correctly, will be assessed during the laboratory exercises. The oral exam will evaluate the student's preparation of the theoretical knowledge supporting the lab exercises and her/his ability to express concepts clearly with correct terminology and solve simple problems similar to those of laboratory experiences.

Exam schedule