OVERVIEW

Provide the general criteria for the rational implementation of the different types of industrial chemical processes, based on chemical-physical and technological principles and on economic considerations, with reference to the aspects of pollution and safety.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Provide the general criteria for the rational implementation of the different types of industrial chemical processes, based on chemical-physical and technological principles and on economic considerations, with reference to the aspects of pollution and safety.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The aim of the teaching of Principles of Industrial Chemistry is to provide general concepts for the realization of the different types of industrial chemical processes. At the end of the teaching, the student will get  theoretical knowledge on kinetics, thermodynamics and on reactor as well as ability to apply these principles to the design of simple industrial processes. Specifically, the student will be able to: • learn and understand the main kinetic and thermodynamic laws • learn and understand the characteristics of the main ideal reactors • learn and understand the main laws which govern the economics of a chemical process and its environmental impact • apply kinetic laws and thermodynamics to the choice of the most suitable conditions to carry out a chemical reaction • deduce the type of economically most advantageous reactor to carry out a particular chemical process.

PREREQUISITES

No special prerequisites are required for the teaching.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching includes lectures also conducted through the execution of exercises. Copy of the slides, which will be shown in class, will be available on AulaWeb and used as a basis for the study. The slides can only be a reference for the study of the discussed topics, which have to be added to the frequency of the lessons or to the study of the suggested texts. The teaching consists of 6 CFU corresponding to: 44 hours of frontal teaching and 4 hours of interactive activities carried out to stimulate discussion with the students and their active participation, during which real or hypothetical scenarios, videos and clickers and 102 hours of personal study.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Module I:

Definition of the reaction rate
Elementary and non-elementary reactions, reaction molecularity
Kinetic treatment of irreversible and reversible first-order and second-order reactions
Half-life
Serial, parallel and autocatalytic reactions
Temperature and reaction rate
Definition of ideal chemical reactors
Definition of residence time and space velocity
Material balances
Comparison between continuous and discontinuous processes
Design equation of CSTR, PFR reactors and discontinuous reactors
Series reactors
Evaluation of the best reactor combination to obtain the desired product in series and parallel reactions
Case study: industrial production of nylon 6.

Module II:

Chemical industry: characteristics, location constraints, production cycle, company organization, product and process research and innovation, concept of scale-up, markets and economies of scale, environmental and safety constraints.
Schematic of production processes in the presence of chemical reactors. Process development.
Yield, conversion and selectivity of a chemical process. Application to different reaction schemes. Considerations on the advantages and disadvantages of performing the desired process.
Thermodynamic aspects and their importance in defining the operating conditions for the accomplishment of a chemical reaction. Review of fundamental thermodynamic concepts for the development of chemical processes. Laws of perfect gases and real gases. Thermodynamic conditions to be satisfied for performing a chemical process. Equilibrium conversion in exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Fuels and references to renewable energy sources. Material balances on combustion reactions.
Definition of risk and signs of reliability. Example of relevant chemical accidents.
Case study: synthesis gas. Applications, raw materials, thermodynamics, processes, reactors, catalysts.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

L. Berti, M. Calatozzolo, R. Bartolo, “Aspetti teorici e pratici dei processi chimici”, G. D’Anna, Messina-Firenze;

F. Cavani, G. Centi, M. Di Serio, I. Rossetti, A. Salvini, G. Strukul, Fondamenti di chimica industriale, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2022;

F. Cavani, “Lo sviluppo e la gestione dei processi chimici industriali”, CLUEB, Bologna;

J.A. Moulijn, M. Makkee, A. E. van Diepen, Chemical Process Technology, 2nd Edition, Wiley;

O. Levenspiel, Ingegneria delle reazioni chimiche, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana;

H. Scott Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Pearson International Edition.

Supplemental material will be provided upon request for working students or students with SLD to meet specific needs.

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

LESSONS

LESSONS START

The beginning of the lessons is available on the Course website.

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam includes the resolution of written exercises and oral discussion.

In case of emergency and only according to specific indications by the University of Genoa, the assessment method for the exam might be changed, including the possibility of an online procedure.

For students with disabilities or with SLD, the examination methods are in accordance with the University Regulations for carrying out the exams (https://unige.it/disabilita-dsa).

ASSESSMENT METHODS

Both the student's thinking ability and the capacity to solve small theoretical problems will be evaluated. The exam has to be able to assess whether the student has acquired the main concepts of thermodynamics and kinetics and whether he is able to apply them to simple real situations. The Commission consist of at least two members, one of whom is responsible for the course. By applying the above mentioned methods, the Commission will be able to verify the achievement of the objectives of the teaching. In the case that these are not reached, the student will be invited to deepen the study also requesting any additional explanations to the teachers.

FURTHER INFORMATION

Students with disabilities or specific learning disabilities (SLD) are reminded that in order to request adaptations during the exam, they must first enter the certification on the University website at servizionline.unige.it in the “Students” section. The documentation will be verified by the University Services Sector for the inclusion of students with disabilities and SLD.

Subsequently, well in advance (at least 10 days) of the exam date, an email must be sent to the teacher with whom the exam will be taken, copying both the School Contact Teacher for the inclusion of students with disabilities and SLD (sergio.didomizio@unige.it) and the Sector indicated above. In the email you must specify:

• the name of the course

• the date of the exam

• the student's surname, name and matriculation number

• the compensatory tools and dispensatory measures deemed functional and required.

The contact person will confirm to the teacher that the applicant has the right to request adaptations during the exam and that such adaptations must be agreed with the teacher. The teacher will respond by communicating whether it is possible to use the requested adaptations.

Requests must be sent at least 10 days before the exam date in order to allow the teacher to evaluate the content. In particular, if you intend to use concept maps for the exam (which must be much more concise than the maps used for studying), if the sending does not respect the expected times there will not be the technical time necessary to make any changes.

For further information on requesting services and adaptations, please consult the document: Guidelines for requesting services, compensatory tools and/or dispensatory measures and specific aids.