CODE 101082 ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026 CREDITS 2 cfu anno 1 TECNICHE DELLA PREVENZIONE NELL'AMBIENTE E NEI LUOGH 9298 (L/SNT4) - GENOVA SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR MED/04 LANGUAGE Italian TEACHING LOCATION GENOVA SEMESTER 2° Semester MODULES Questo insegnamento è un modulo di: GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB OVERVIEW General Pathology is a discipline that studies the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of human diseases, the body's defense response to damage agents and tumors. AIMS AND CONTENT AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES AIMS The main aim of General Pathology teaching is to provide students with basic knowledge on the following topics: i) causes of human diseases, ii) cell and tissue damage, iii) tissue response to damage (inflammation and repair) and iv) neoplastic disease. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the course, students will be able to a) classify the causes of human diseases; b) recognize the adaptation responses to damage; c) classify inflammatory processes; d) describe the atypia of the tumor cell and e) acquire basic medical terminology to describe the pathological processes taken into consideration. PREREQUISITES To effectively address the teaching content, the following basic knowledge is recommended: elements of cell biology; notions of anatomy and histology. TEACHING METHODS Teaching is organized in frontal classroom lectures for a total of 20 hours. In the periods of weather or health emergency, lectures are held remotely using the TEAMS platform. SYLLABUS/CONTENT INTRODUCTION. Fields of interest of General Pathology. Homeostasis concept. Definition of morbid phenomenon, morbid process, morbid state and disease. GENERAL ETIOLOGY. Causes of human diseases. Intrinsic causes. Gene, genomic and chromosomal mutations. Notes on congenital malformations. Concept of aplasia, agenesis and hypoplasia. Embriopathies and fetopathies. Extrinsic causes of a physical nature. Radiation: classification based on nature (corpuscular and electromagnetic) and biological effect (ionizing and exciting). Direct and indirect effects of radiation. Burns (and their general consequences) and frostbite. General concepts on heatstroke and frostbite. Extrinsic causes of a mechanical nature: trauma of superficial tissues. Trauma of the internal organs. Osteoarticular trauma. Concepts of regeneration and repair. Wound healing by first and second intention. Extrinsic causes of a thermal nature: burns and frostbite. Extrinsic chemical causes: alteration of pH (acids and bases), solvent action, denaturing action and toxic action. Defenses against poisons. Congenital and acquired defenses. CELLULAR PATHOLOGY. Cell damage and death: necrosis and apoptosis. Damage adaptation responses. Examples of degenerative diseases. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND IMMUNITY. Definition, causes, and phases of the inflammatory response. Classification of acute inflammations: serous, fibrinous, mucous, purulent, hemorrhagic, necrotic, allergic. Chronic inflammation: characters and cells of the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Classification of chronic inflammations: interstitial and granulomatous. Immunological and non-immunological granulomas. Specific immunity. Humoral factors and cellular factors. Antigen concept. Maturation and activation of B and T lymphocytes. Immunoglobulins. CANCERS. Definition of neoplasia: concepts of autonomy, afinalism and progression. Morphological atypia, biochemical and behavioral atypia. Metastases: definition, ways of metastasis, concept of organotropism. Molecular basis of tumors: oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Causes of tumors. Concept of initiation and promotion. Physical and chemical carcinogenic agents. Viral carcinogenesis. Classification of tumors: classification by behavior (benign and malignant); classification by histogenesis (epithelial and connective tissue tumors); classification by gradation and staging (TNM system). RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY The teaching material and slides used during the lectures are available on Aulaweb. Other specific information on the bibliography will be provided by the professor at the beginning of the lectures. TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD MARIAPAOLA NITTI Ricevimento: Anytime by appointment CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI Ricevimento: Office hours are agreed with the students via email to the following address: Cinzia.Domenicotti@unige.it The office is located at General Pathology Section - DIMES via LB Alberti 2- Genoa tel +39 010 3538830 LESSONS LESSONS START General Pathology lectures begin in the second semester of the academic year and take place in March. Class schedule The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy EXAMS EXAM DESCRIPTION The exam consists of an oral test. Two exam sessions will be available during the winter period (January and February), three sessions during the summer (June and July) and two during the autumn period (September). ASSESSMENT METHODS Details on how to prepare for the exam and the level of depth of each topic will be provided during the lectures. The oral exam will focus on the discussion of some topics concerning the program and the professor will verify if the student has achieved the aims and learning outcomes. The ability to show, summarize and critically analyze the contents of the program will also be evaluated. FURTHER INFORMATION OFFICE HOURS Office hours are agreed with the students via email to the following addresses: Cinzia.Domenicotti@unige.it The office is located at General Pathology Section - DIMES via LB Alberti 2- Genoa tel +39 010 3538830 Mariapaola.Nitti@unige.it The office is located at General Pathology Section - DIMES via LB Alberti 2- Genoa tel +39 010 3538835 OTHER INFORMATION Ask the professor for other information not included in the teaching schedule.
