OVERVIEW

The course consists of 10 credits corresponding to 80 hours of lectures. It allows the student to learn the proper medical terminology and to deepen knowledge on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical features of the major human diseases.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

EDUCATIONAL GOALS

The course aims to enable the student to know the etiological basis and the pathogenic mechanisms of the diseases in humans, as well as the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of the major organ and systems. It also seeks to understand the morphological aspects which are intimately connected with the functional-biochemical aspects. The study of general pathology is divided into several chapters: Concept of health and disease; Causes of disease; Cellular pathology; Oncology; Physiopathology. The course pays special attention to the teaching of medical terminology.

TEACHING METHODS

The course is organized in lectures and deals with topics of general pathology and pathophysiology. These topics are explained by the teacher through PowerPoint presentations that are saved and shared on Aulaweb. However, a textbook is always recommended in order to expand the overall view of the subject.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Fields of the study of General Pathology. Concept of homeostasis. Differences between the disease, the pathological state, process and phenomenon. Reversible and irreversible cell damage. Cellular pathology. GENERAL AETIOLOGY: genetic and chromosomal disorders. Radiations. Trauma and wound repair. Burns and frostbite. Mode of action of pathogenic chemicals. Alteration of the pH. Solvent action. Denaturing action. Toxic action. Enzymatic defenses: Phase I and II biotransformation mechanisms. Causes of proteic malnutrition: marasma and kwashiorkor. Anorexia and bulimia. The water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins related deficiencies. Deficiencies in minerals. Obesity. Dietary relationships with atherogenesis and cancer.

FEVER: Termoproduction and heat dispersion. Febrile hyperthermia. Types of fever.

CANCER: molecular basis of cancer: oncogenes and their activation. Alterations of tumor suppressors. Etiology of cancer. Concept of initiation and promotion. Classification of tumors.

CHANGES IN HAEMODYNAMIC BALANCE: Edema. Thrombosis. Arterial and venous thrombi. Solid, liquid and gas embolism.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD VESSELS: Atherosclerosis: Risk factors. Endothelial damage. Pathogenesis of plaque formation.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD: Anemia. Leukemias. Lymphomas.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART: ischemic heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease. Valvular diseases. Changes of cardiac rhythm. Shock. Hypoxia. Ischemia.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Respiratory failure. Pneumonias. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchial asthma - acute and chronic bronchitis-emphysema). Pleurisy. Pneumothorax.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GASTRIC APPARATUS: oral mucosal lesions. Dental diseases. Salivary gland diseases. Oesophageal disease. Gastric diseases. Intestinal diseases. Viral hepatitis. Toxic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis. Liver failure. Cirrhosis. Cholelithiasis. Pancreatitis. Diabetes.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RENAL AND URINARY APPARATUS: Classification of kidney diseases. Glomerular diseases, tubular, interstitial and urinary tract. Acute and chronic renal failure. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TEGUMENTARY SYSTEM.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SENSORY ORGANS: Eye Diseases. Ear diseases.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Cerebrovascular disease. Infectious diseases. Degenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease - Alzheimer's disease) - Spongiform encephalopathy. Demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis).

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

PONTIERI G.M.: PATOLOGIA E FISIOPATOLOGIA GENERALE-EDIZ. PICCIN-TERZA EDIZIONE

KUMAR V., ABBAS A.K., ASTER J.C.: ROBBINS-FONDAMENTI DI PATOLOGIA E FISIOPATOLOGIA-EDIZIONE 2013

CELOTTI F. :PATOLOGIA GENERALE E FISIOPATOLOGIA-EDISES-EDIZIONE 2013

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI (President)

CLAUDIA CANTONI

SUSANNA PENCO

NICOLA TRAVERSO

LESSONS

LESSONS START

The start date of the lessons will be announced on the Department of Pharmacy website.

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam consists of an oral test and takes place in the presence of two professors. The interview lasts approximately 35 minutes for each student and is focused on the whole coursework covered during the lectures.

At the end the two professors formulate a final vote, which is a weighted average of the partial grades that are assigned taking into account the presentation skills, synthesis and assimilation of the program content by the student. For attending students is offered at the end of the course, the chance to participate to a written test concerning the first part of the program (general pathology).

ASSESSMENT METHODS

Through the discussion of several topics concerning, the commission verifies the achievement of the educational goals.

Exam schedule