The course titled "Biology II" aims to integrate the knowledge of "functional histology" and cell biology by aiming to provide students with knowledge about the organization and function of cells and human tissues with particular attention to the connection between morphology and function. Part of the course will be devoted to the practical part (recognition of histological preparations) that will take place in well-equipped laboratories.
Know structure, organization and function of different human tissues and morphological-functional characteristics of cells that compose them.
In order to provide the student with a complete view of the tissue organization, basic and advanced methods for analyzing the organization of human tissues and how this organization is instrumental in ensuring full homeostatic tissue function are discussed.
The course thus aims at:
1. provide basic concepts on morphology, cellular and molecular organization of human tissues;
2. discuss in depth the cellular and molecular characteristics of the different stem cell populations in the various tissues;
3. describe the functional properties of the various tissues and cells that compose them, focusing on physiopathological aspects as well.
Frontal teaching and practical exercises in the laboratory and with optic microscope
EUKARYOTIC CELL:
The main steps in eukaryotic cell evolution
The plasma membrane:
Structure and functions
Membrane transports
Endocytosis and esocytosis
The cytoplasm:
Hyaloplasm
Ribosomes
Rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (REL)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
The cytoskeleton
Cell movement
Cell motility and intracellular transport
Cell junctional comlexes
The nucleous
The nucleolus
Cell cycle and mitosis
TISSUES:
Epithelial tissue:
Main characteristics of epithelia
Lining epithelia: organization and classification
Structural surface differentiations of epithelial cells (microvilli, stereocilia, cilia)
Secretory epithelia:
• exocrine glands
• endocrine glands
Connective tissue:
Extracellular matrix:
• fibers
• ground substance
Cell components of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
Support connective tissue: cartilage and bone tissue
Ossification
Trophic connective tissue: blood and lymph
Lymphatic tissue
Cells of the innate and adaptive immune system
Muscle tissue:
Myofibril structure and muscle contraction
Nerve tissue:
Citologia, Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica a cura di D. Zaccheo e M. Pestarino Casa Editrice Pearson
Alberts et al., Biologia molecolare della cellula, Zanichelli
Istologia (testo e atlante) di M.H. Ross e W. Pawlina Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Ricevimento: It is fixed by the teacher in agreement with the students
SIMONA CANDIANI (President)
ROBERTA CASTRICONI (President)
EMANUELA MARCENARO (President)
ALESSANDRO MORETTA (President)
The exam is oral. It is always conducted by the teachers of course for at least 30 minutes (typically 45 minutes). With these methods, given the multi-year experience of exams in the discipline, the commission is able to verify with high accuracy the achievement of the learning objectives of the teaching. When these are not achieved, the student is invited to deepen the study and to make further explanations by the professors.
Oral examination with morphological examination of histological samples. The exam is aimed at evaluating the knowledge of the fundamental elements of the cell and tissues organization and and the ability to link the various topics.
