OVERVIEW

The teaching of General Pathology is divided into two parts: the first one studies the causes of diseases, degenerations and tumors. The second one studies the Pathophysiology of the main organs and systems.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

EDUCATIONAL GOALS

The course aims to enable the student to know the etiological basis and the pathogenic mechanisms of the diseases in humans, as well as the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of the major organ and systems. It also seeks to understand the morphological aspects which are intimately connected with the functional-biochemical aspects. The study of general pathology is divided into several chapters: Concept of health and disease; Causes of disease; Cellular pathology; Oncology; Physiopathology. The course pays special attention to the teaching of medical terminology.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The main purpose of the course is to provide students with basic knowledge on the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases in humans, as well as the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of the main organs and systems. Attendance at lectures and the individual study will allow the students to know the etiology of human diseases, to recognize the different responses of cell adaptation to injury, to describe the neoplastic atypia and to classify epithelial and connective tumors and to acquire an adequate medical terminology.

PREREQUISITES

To effectively address the teaching content, the following basic knowledge is needed: elements of cell and genetic biology; notions of anatomy, histology, physiology and immunology.

TEACHING METHODS

Teaching is organized in frontal classroom lectures for a total of 80 hours. The lectures are given by the teacher through the use of presentations that are made available to students on the Unige web classroom.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Fields of the study of General Pathology. Concept of homeostasis. Differences between the disease, the pathological state, process and phenomenon. Reversible and irreversible cell damage. Cellular pathology. GENERAL AETIOLOGY: genetic and chromosomal disorders. Radiations. Trauma and wound repair. Burns and frostbite. Mode of action of pathogenic chemicals. Alteration of the pH. Solvent action. Denaturing action. Toxic action. Enzymatic defenses: Phase I and II biotransformation mechanisms. Causes of proteic malnutrition: marasma and kwashiorkor. Anorexia and bulimia. The water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins related deficiencies. Deficiencies in minerals. Obesity. Dietary relationships with atherogenesis and cancer.

FEVER: Termoproduction and heat dispersion. Febrile hyperthermia. Types of fever.

CANCER: molecular basis of cancer: oncogenes and their activation. Alterations of tumor suppressors. Etiology of cancer. Concept of initiation and promotion. Classification of tumors.

CHANGES IN HAEMODYNAMIC BALANCE: Edema. Thrombosis. Arterial and venous thrombi. Solid, liquid and gas embolism.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD VESSELS: Atherosclerosis: Risk factors. Endothelial damage. Pathogenesis of plaque formation.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD: Anemia. Leukemias. Lymphomas.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART: ischemic heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease. Valvular diseases. Changes of cardiac rhythm. Shock. Hypoxia. Ischemia.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Respiratory failure. Pneumonias. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchial asthma - acute and chronic bronchitis-emphysema). Pleurisy. Pneumothorax.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GASTRIC APPARATUS: oral mucosal lesions. Dental diseases. Salivary gland diseases. Oesophageal disease. Gastric diseases. Intestinal diseases. Viral hepatitis. Toxic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis. Liver failure. Cirrhosis. Cholelithiasis. Pancreatitis. Diabetes.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RENAL AND URINARY APPARATUS: Classification of kidney diseases. Glomerular diseases, tubular, interstitial and urinary tract. Acute and chronic renal failure. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TEGUMENTARY SYSTEM.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SENSORY ORGANS: Eye Diseases. Ear diseases.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Cerebrovascular disease. Infectious diseases. Degenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease - Alzheimer's disease) - Spongiform encephalopathy. Demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis).

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

PONTIERI G.M.: PATOLOGIA E FISIOPATOLOGIA GENERALE-EDIZ. PICCIN-TERZA EDIZIONE

KUMAR V., ABBAS A.K., ASTER J.C.: ROBBINS-FONDAMENTI DI PATOLOGIA E FISIOPATOLOGIA-EDIZIONE 2013

CELOTTI F. :PATOLOGIA GENERALE E FISIOPATOLOGIA-EDISES-EDIZIONE 2013

Lecture notes will be available and shared on Aulaweb.

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

CINZIA MARIA DOMENICOTTI (President)

CLAUDIA CANTONI

SUSANNA PENCO

NICOLA TRAVERSO

LESSONS

LESSONS START

The lessons start on February 18th 2019.

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

TThe exam consists of an oral test.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

The oral exam will focus mainly on the topics covered during the lectures and will have the purpose to evaluate not only if the student has acquired an adequate level of knowledge on the issues but if he has acquired adequate terminology and the ability to analyze with a critical sense and synthesis the proposed arguments.

Exam schedule