CODE 60318 ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019 CREDITS 6 cfu anno 2 INGEGNERIA MECCANICA - ENERGIA E AERONAUTICA 9270 (LM-33) - GENOVA SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR ING-IND/09 LANGUAGE Italian TEACHING LOCATION GENOVA SEMESTER 2° Semester TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB OVERVIEW The course deals with the theory and practice of dynamics and control of energy systems, both at laboratory and industrial scale. AIMS AND CONTENT LEARNING OUTCOMES The course provides the student with the skills necessary for modelling, simulating and controlling turbomachinery and energy systems, both fossil fuel based as well as renewable source based. Dynamic modelling is performed using Matlab-Simulink software, with capability of developing real-time software. AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the course the student is able to: - understand the dynamics of the main components of energy systems - critically interpret the transient performance of the energy plants - develop models of dynamic simulation of machines and energy systems - evaluate the time scales of the main dynamic phenomena - designing control systems for energy plants and related machines - stabilize the control systems for process plants PREREQUISITES Power plants TEACHING METHODS Lectures, practice and laboratory SYLLABUS/CONTENT Introduction to the study of automatic controllers (Lesson A) (notes are provided but they are not explained during the lessons) Fundamentals on mathematical study of dynamic systems (Lesson B) (notes are provided but they are not explained during the lessons) Fundamental of dynamic linear systems (Lesson C) Continuous and discrete state models. Linearization. Fundamentals of: Laplace transformation, transfer functions, poles and zeros, frequency response, Bode diagram, signal filters. Exercises: C1) Linearization of electrical scheme of Fig. 3.1, with external disturbances. C2) Example of dynamic state model (example). C3) Linearization of water tank model. C4) Linearization of gas tank model (plenum). C5) State dynamic model of furnace. Digital systems (Lesson D) Data sampling. Z transformation. Numerical integration. Fundamentals of state-machine using StateFlow. Exercises: D1) Discrete integrator and derivative, D2) Stateflow-based controller for a furnace. Classical PID controller (Lesson E) PID structure. Tuning with Ziegler-Nichols oscillation method. Tuning with reaction curve. Tuning with poles assignment.. Exercises: F1) Empirical tuning of PID. F2) Tuning of PID for a furnace. Dynamic models of energy systems (Lesson F) Base equations. The “dynamic” and “lumped-volume” models. The “plenum” component. Time characterization. Exercises: F1) Plenum model. F2) Automatic compiling of models. Main components and dynamic models (Lesson G) Streams and components Active/Inactive. Mixer-splitter. Matcher. Control valves. Rotating shaft. Piping. Heat exchanger. Dynamic compressor. Dynamic expander (gas and steam). Gas turbine combustor. Electrical generator. District heating burner and network. Exercises: G1) Shaft model. G2) Pipe model. G3) District heating piping network. Gas turbine control (Lesson H) Gas turbine control. Micorturbine control. Externally fired microturbine control. Turbojet and turbofan control. Simplified mathematical representation of a gas turbine. Fundamentals of I.C.E. control. Exercises: H1) Simplified model of GT. H2) Off-design of mGT. H3) Dynamics and control of mGT with and without a volume. H4) Instabilities of a pump/tank water system.. Compression systems (Lesson I) Compression systems based on dynamic compressors; dynamic interaction between the compressor and the system; static and dynamic instabilities; surge and rotating stall; Greitzer model and the impact of geometrical dimensions on system unstable trajectories; techniques to limit the incipient surge in gas turbines and compression systems. Fundamentals of passive and active surge controls. Control of power plants (Lesson L) Control of steam power plants. Steam turbine control. Combined cycle control. RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY G.C. Goodwin, S. F. Graebe, M. E. Salgado, “Control System Design”, Prentice Hall, 2001, available at http://csd.newcastle.edu.au/index.html G. Bacchelli, F. Danielli, S. Sandolini, “Dinamica e Controllo delle Macchine a Fluido”, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Bologna, Officine Grafiche Pitagora-Tecnoprint. Information on reference material and literature are provided directly by the Professor. Course notes are also available on aula-web. TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD ALBERTO TRAVERSO Ricevimento: On appointment. Exam Board ALBERTO TRAVERSO (President) MARIO LUIGI FERRARI LOREDANA MAGISTRI ARISTIDE MASSARDO LESSONS Class schedule DYNAMIC AND CONTROL OF MACHINES AND ENERGY SYSTEMS EXAMS EXAM DESCRIPTION The exam is partially oral and partially devoted to the discussion of one project proposed by the student (and previously approved by the Professor): such a project must deal with the course topics. A few examples are reported hereby: Example 1: dynamic model in Matlab-Simulink of an axial compressor for natural gas compression, coupled with the downstream pipeline and controlled by a PID controller Example 2: dynamic model in Matlab-Simulink of a piping network for steam delivery around an industrial site, with regulation valves, and controlled with a State-flow controller. Example 3: dynamic modelling in Matlab-Simulink of an Auxiliary Power Unit (simple cycle microturbine) for a passenger aeroplane, equipped with a constant speed controller. ASSESSMENT METHODS Written exercises and final project Exam schedule Data appello Orario Luogo Degree type Note 15/02/2019 09:30 GENOVA Esame su appuntamento 13/09/2019 09:30 GENOVA Esame su appuntamento FURTHER INFORMATION Pre-requisites : Turbomachinery and Energy Systems (Turbomacchine e Impianti per l’Energia).
