OVERVIEW

This course introduces the students to the fundamentals of sound perception and to the major techniques for acquisition, analysis, processing, and synthesis of sound and music content in digital form.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

This course aims at providing students with theoretical and practical foundational knowledge about digital processing of sound and music content. Initially, the focus will be on sound as a physical and perceptual phenomenon. Then, techniques for digital acquisition and play back of sound will be addressed, including examples of techniques for automatic analysis and processing of sound in the time and frequency domains. Finally, hints will be provided about the most relevant techniques for sound synthesis and about existing algorithms for music information processing (e.g., for automatic analysis of melody, rhythm, and harmony).

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course is intended to provide students with a theoretical and practical knowledge of the most important techniques for: (i) digital sound capturing and playback, (ii) automated analysis of the audio signal in the time and frequency domains, (iii) automated analysis of music content, (iv) digital audio processing, and (v) digital synthesis of sound and music content.

At the end of the course, students are expected to know and to be able to apply the most important techniques for audio capturing and playback, sound and music analysis, and digital audio processing. In more details, the students will be able to capture an audio signal, to apply techniques for detecting the most relevant features of the signal, and for processing/modifying its content. Moreover, the students will also know the most important techniques for digital sound synthesis.

PREREQUISITES

None.

TEACHING METHODS

The course consists of lectures given by the teacher in the classroom. These include both theoretical lectures, where the teacher will use slides to present a discuss concepts and techniques with the students, and practical lectures, consisting of hands-on at the computer, and enabling students to apply the concepts and to concretely experiment the primary technologies discussed in the course.

More information at the link https://corsi.unige.it/9913/news/12704-modalit%C3%A0-didattica-per-lavvio-dellaa-202122.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

1. Foundations of acoustics and psychoacoustics: sound, simple harmonic motion, equation of motion for a simple harmonic motion and its parameters. Amplitude: physical intensity of sound, perceived intensity of sound (loudness), Fletcher-Munson curves. Frequency: pure sounds, complex sounds, harmonic series (fundamental frequency, harmonics), noise, perceived frequency of sound (pitch), harmonic sounds, octaves, octave equivalence, classes of pitch, musical scales, critical bands, masking, beats. Phase: phase alignment and cancellation. Spectrum: definition, examples, introduction to the Fourier transform. Transients: envelop, ADSR. Spectrogram. Timber and timbral spaces, brightness. Sound propagation: velocity, wavelength, reflection, diffraction, refraction. Perception of spatial attributes: direction, distance, Doppler effect.
2. Acquisition, representation and storage of sound content: analog acquisition, recording and playback: acquisition devices (microphones: major typologies and features), amplifiers, recording devices, playback devices (loudspeakers: major typologies and features). Digital acquisition, recording and playback: analog to digital conversion (sampling, quantization, and coding), audio files formats, digital to analog conversion.
3. Sound analysis: audio frames, analysis of an audio signal in the time domain (algorithms for measuring sound intensity, algorithm for estimating the fundamental frequency), analysis of an audio signal in the frequency domain (algorithms for measuring timbral brightness), auditory modelling.
4. Sound processing: processing of an audio signal in the time domain (inversion, delay, variations of the dynamic range), processing of an audio signal in the frequency domain (filtering, equalization).
5. Introduction to sound synthesis: techniques for transformation, direct generation, and deformation. Examples: subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis, FM synthesis. ​

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Educational material includes:

• The slides presented during classes.
• Material related to the exercises, which is made available together with each exercise.

Material can be downloaded from AulaWeb. In principle, the notes taken during the lectures and the material available on AulaWeb are sufficient for preparing for the final exam.

For students wishing to read a textbook, we recommend:

• Vincenzo Lombardo, Andrea Valle. Audio e multimedia. Apogeo.

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

LESSONS

LESSONS START

https://corsi.unige.it/9913/p/studenti-orario

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam consists of an interview with the teacher.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

During the interview, the teacher will assess the knowledge the student has of the major topics of the course, the clarity, and the deepness of presentation.

Exam schedule

FURTHER INFORMATION

Master theses are available concerning the topics presented in the course in areas of interest for the scientific and technological research carried out at the Casa Paganini – InfoMus research center of DIBRIS – University of Genoa (www.casapaganini.org). For students that are interested in a master thesis on these topics, the course provides the theoretical and practical knowledge, which is needed to carry out the work in the thesis.