LEARNING OUTCOMES

Provide the knowledge for knowledge and understanding of the driving machines operating principles and operators and related facilities , and the types used on board. Provide the selection criteria and proper installation of the machines , illustrating the functional aspects of the regulation .

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The aim of the course is to provide an adequate and critical knowledge on the main fluid machines with particular reference to those applied to naval propulsion sector, taking into account turbines, compressors and pumps, internal combustion engines with special reference to energy-related and environmental issues.

The student attendance during the lessons and related study activities will allow:

- to identify the main features of the internal combustion engines used in the different application areas;

- to know the main features related to environmental impact of internal combustion engines;

- to identify the main features of the internal combustion engines used in the different application areas.

TEACHING METHODS

Lectures on the different items presented in the course programme and exercises on specific arguments developed within the course.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Lectures

• General remarks on fluid machines – Primary energy sources and their transformations – Power plants and relevant application areas – Energy equation and expression of work in closed and open systems - Fluid machines classification - Work exchange in volumetric machines and turbomachines - Euler’s equation  - Conversion efficiency in fluid machines - Thermodynamic cycles - Thermal power plants overall efficiency - Specific fuel consumption.
• Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) – ICE classification, engine components, nomenclature, operational parameters – Ideal and real operation of 2 and 4 stroke engines – Reference thermodynamic cycles for SI and diesel engines – Combustion processes in ICE – Indicated diagrams, indicated and brake mean effective pressure, engine power correlations –  Engine part load operation – Constant speed and constant load curves, engine performance maps – Supercharging and turbocharging – ICE pollutant emissions – Emission control systems and aftertreatment devices.
• Compressors and pumps – Positive displacement and dynamic compressors – Compressor insertion in a circuit – Characteristic curves - Positive displacement and dynamic pumps – Pumps operative problems: operating point and flow regulation, series and parallel operation, pump priming, surge and cavitation.
• Alternative fuels  – Natural Gas: problems, energy-related, operating and economic issues, effect on exhaust emissions.

Practice

• Calculation of energy systems, compressors, pumps and internal combustion engines operating parameters.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Lesson notes and classroom material (which can be downloaded in aulaweb) are sufficient for the exam preparation.

• S. Marelli: “Macchine 1” – Notes to the course (in Italian).
• S.L.Dixon - Fluid Mechanics Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery - Pergamon Press, 2005.
• C.R. Ferguson, A.T. Kirkpatrick - Internal Combustion Engines - Wiley, 2001.