LEARNING OUTCOMES

The aims of the course are the molecular mechanisms that control metabolism and cell development (cell-signaling), analyzed in their complex function through the modifications of regulatory proteins, the synthesis and removal of signal molecules, the eventualities with DNA for control transcriptional.  Identification and structural analysis of proteins and molecular domains through the access and use of the main databases.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

This class concerns an up-to-date description of the mechanisms that regulate the connections between structure and function of different human polypeptides. It will be considered the link between the several processes involved in the control of protein structure and the problem of their dysregulation in human pathologies. We will discuss how specific structural signatures on different proteins can regulate their post-transductional modifications, domains organization, acquirement of the native conformation, interaction with molecular partners, localization into specific sub-cellular compartments, extra-cellular release, half-life. At the end of the class, besides an oral examination to establish if correct information is acquired, each student has the opportunity to select and discuss an issue. At this respect, he can utilize a recent scientific paper, among several of them proposed by the teacher, pertaining to a topic of the syllabus. This class should stimulate the appeal of the student for Biochemistry as a rapidly evolving discipline and an important learning outcome is to encourage an exciting approach to the scientific research. 

PREREQUISITES

Prerequisites to follow this class are based on the possibility to understand the scientific terms used to deal the various issues, particularly exploiting the knowledges acquired during the preceding three years course of Biology. It is particularly important that the student is informed about the different 1) human metabolisms included the mechanisms for their enzymatic regulation, 2) levels of structural organization of monomeric and multimeric proteins, 3) functional groups of the side chains present in the twenty amino acids of proteins and their specific reactivity and transformation in the biological context, 4) organization intracellular compartments having specific metabolic specialization, 5) operativity of passive and active transports of molecules and ions through the biological membranes. 

TEACHING METHODS

The lessons will be carried out in presence.

Please check the module Aulaweb page for timetable updates dependent on the sanitary and epidemic situation.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

General aspects of the links among the structure, functions, compartmentation, traffic and turnover of proteins.

Types and outcomes of reversible and irreversible post-transductional modifications of proteins, human pathologies related to errors in post-translational processes.

Protein domains: modular structures and formation of protein complexes. The CATH data base.

Mechanisms for the acquirement of higher structural levels by globular proteins and collagen. Folding and misfolding of proteins, the molecular chaperones. Activity of the protein disulfide isomerase, cyclofilins, heat shock proteins, transglutaminase. Human pathologies associated with specific protein misfolding.

Signals involved in the cellular sorting of proteins: molecular bases for import and export in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, peroxisomes, nucleus, lysosomes. Pathological effects of altered protein sorting.

Intra and extracellular proteolysis: ubiquitin and calcium-dependent systems, caspases and metallo proteases. Lysosomal protein degradation and lysosomal storage diseases.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alberts et al.-Molecular Biology of the cell- Last edition- Zanichelli Ed. and recently reviews published on relevant topics