OVERVIEW

• The course's main objective is to give the students a thorough knowledge of turbulence modeling including both theory and numerical simulations (CFD).
• We will discuss the salient properties of turbulence both for the homogeneous isotropic case, and for the case of wall turbulence. 
• During the course, we cover the theoretical background of RANS models and scale-resolving simulations (DES and LES).
• We also address accuracy and reliability of CFD turbulent simulations, as well as discretization techniques, solution strategies, and best standard practices when conducting CFD simulations.
• During the course, we will use the CFD solver Ansys Fluent (student version).

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The aim of the course is to allow students to acquire a critical view of numerical strategies for the modelling of turbulence (both developed and in transition), both of RANS type and of LES type. The expected result is a consequent mature use of such numerical strategies, based on the awareness that simulations are not the real thing but a sophisticated modeling of it and, as such, susceptible to errors, sometimes relevant.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

• The course's main objective is to give the students a thorough knowledge of turbulence modeling in CFD.
• During this course, we also address accuracy and reliability of CFD turbulent simulations, as well as discretization techniques, solution strategies, and best standard practices when conducting CFD simulations.
• We also conduct hands-on sessions to help students develop essential skills to perform CFD simulations from scratch. That is, geometry generation, mesh generation, case setup, solution monitoring, post-processing, and assessing the results.
• At the end of the course, the student should be able to critically assess the influence of turbulence models on the outcome of CFD simulations, independently of the software used.
• During this course, we will use the CFD solver Ansys Fluent

PREREQUISITES

• Basic knowledge of Fluid Mechanics.
• Basic knowledge of numerical methods.

TEACHING METHODS

• The course is based on 60 hours of frontal lectures and hands on sessions 
• The course is graded in the base of continuous homework and a final project. There are no exams.
• Instructors can be contacted by the students for questions and clarifications during office hours.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

The program is divided between lectures and guided tutorials. We will also conduct numerical simulations or analyze data using modern software and applications.

1. Introduction to turbulence 
2. Statistical properties of turbulent flows
3. Length scales in turbulent flows. From Kolmogorov scales to Taylor microscales to integral scales. Energy cascade. Law of the wall. Near wall treatment.
4. Governing equations. Reynolds averaging. The Boussinesq hypothesis. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS).
5. homogeneous isotropic turbulence
6. Wall bounded turbulence
7. Closure problem. Algebraic models. One equation models. Two equation models. Reynolds stress models (RSM). Unsteady RANS simulations (URANS). Wall modeling and wall resolving simulations.
8. Post-processing and analyzing turbulent simulations - Part 1. Statistical post-processing. Revisiting the concept of statistical description of turbulence. Descriptive statistics. Joint statistics. One-point correlation. Two-point correlations. Time series. Turbulent kinetic energy spectrum. Power spectrum.
9. Post-processing and analyzing turbulent simulations - Part 2. Quantitative and qualitative post-processing. Dealing with steady and unsteady simulations. Presenting results.
10. Beyond the Boussinesq hypothesis, compressibility effects, and multiphase flows. Effect of roughness on the law of the wall.
11. Scale-resolving simulations (SRS). DES, LES, DNS. Wall modeling and wall resolving simulations in SRS.
12. Best practices in CFD and turbulence modeling. Numerical considerations. Validation and verification. Mesh dependency studies. Accuracy and reliability of turbulent simulations.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Recommended literature

• D. Wilcox. Turbulence Modeling for CFD. DCW Industries Inc., 2010.
• S. Pope. Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
• P. Bernard. Turbulent Fluid Flow. Wiley, 2019.
• M. T. Landahl and E. Mollo-Christensen. Turbulence and Random Processes in Fluid Mechanics. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
• H. Tennekes and J. L. Lumley. A First Course in Turbulence. MIT Press, 1972.
• P.J. Schmid e D.S. Henningson, Stability and Transition in Shear Flows, Springer, 2001.
• U. Frisch, Turbulence, Cambridge Univ. Press. 1995.

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

AGNESE SEMINARA (President)

JOEL ENRIQUE GUERRERO RIVAS

ANDREA MAZZINO (President Substitute)

LESSONS

LESSONS START

https://corsi.unige.it/9270/p/studenti-orario

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The final evaluation consists of a CFD project where the student must put into practice all the knowledge acquired. The case to be developed must be agreed upon between the examiner and the student.

The data and time of the final presentation must be agreed upon between the examiner and the student.

Students with specific learning disability (SLD), disability or other regularly certified special educational needs are advised to contact the instructor at the beginning of the course to agree on teaching and examination methods that, in compliance with the course objectives, take into account the individual learning requirements.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

• The course will be graded based on continuous assignments (no more than three) and a final project.
• A written report and a short presentation are expected at the end of the final project.
• Based on the examiner's feedback, the student will have a one-time opportunity to improve his/her final report.

FURTHER INFORMATION

Course website
http://www3.dicca.unige.it/guerrero/teaching_turbulence.html

For the hands-on sessions, students should bring her/his computer with all the software installed. All the software to be used is free and can be downloaded at the links provided below.

Required software:

Ansys Fluent student version (version 2021R1 and up) – CFD solver (only Windows)
https://www.ansys.com/academic/free-student-products

Optional software:

Anaconda Python (Python distribution 3.7) – Data analysis (and more).
https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/

Paraview (version 5.6 and up; however, I recommend version 5.6) – Scientific visualization
https://www.paraview.org/