AIMS AND CONTENT

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The Course of General Pathology and Physiopathology aims to transmit to the student some  knowledges about  aetiology and  phathogenesis of the diseases.  Students will also study some topics of general oncology and the immunological mechanisms involved in the immune responses both in normal and pathological conditions. Some relevant pathophysiological processes will be described .(Diabetes,

At the end of the Course the student will be able to

.-  distinguish the different causes of the diseases

-  recognize the different inflammatory signals

-  explain the different mechanisms of immunological reactions

-  analytically describe a process of carcinogenesis

-  classify tumors

-  explain the main pathophysiological processes

TEACHING METHODS

These topics are explained by the teacher through PowerPoint presentations and all the lessons are saved and shared on Aula Web. However, the teachers always recommend the use of a textbook to expand the overall view of the subject.

The frontal lessons could be carried out remotely in online mode using the Teams platform.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Concepts of health and disease, aetiology, pathogenesis.

Causes of disease: Chemical and drug injury, Injury by physical agents (ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, thermal and electrical injury). Injury by free radicals. Nutritional diseases. Biological causes of disease: pathogenesis of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections.

Cellular pathology: Cell injury and cellular adaptations. Regressive processes. Atrophy. Degenerative processes. Lysosomal storage diseases. Cell death: apoptosis and necrosis.

Inflammation:  Acute inflammation. Inflammatory cells. Chemical mediators of inflammation, Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mechanisms of acute inflammation and consequences. Leukocyte migration. Classification and outcome of acute inflammation .Chronic inflammation. Cell infiltration and definition of Granuloma. Notes on tuberculosis,  Lues and Leprosy

Immunology and Immunopathology: The Immune System: Cells and Tissues of the Immune System. General features of the Innate and Adaptive  Immune response. The Lymphocytes. The Antibodies. The Cytokines. Overview of immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity reactions

Oncology: Definition of Neoplasia. Main morphological, biochemical and behavioral atypisms of the neoplastic cell. Tumor marker definition. Definition of anaplasia. Initiation, promotion and neoplastic progression. Definition of Metastasis. The main methastatic pathways. The molecular basis of tumor: the oncogenes and their activation. Inheritance and tumors. Notes on viral carcinogenesis. Classification of neoplasms: classification by behavior (benign and malignant); classification by histogenesis (epithelial and connective tumors); gradation and staging classification (TNM system).

Fever: the mechanisms of thermoregulation and notes on the causes and types of fever.

Overview of the pathophysiological aspects of diabetes.

Atherosclerosis: formation and evolution of the atheroma and its consequences; etiopathogenesis (hypertension and alteration of lipid metabolism) and risk factors.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

-   Pontieri G.M. Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale per le professioni Sanitarie Ed. PICCIN

-   pdf presentations of the lessons are available on Aula Web

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

ANDREA BELTRAME (President)

DARIO ARNALDI

ALDO PENDE

GABRIELLA PIETRA

FEDERICA BARBIERI (President and Coordinator of Integrated Course)

LESSONS

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The final examination consists of a interview in the presence of the course teachers. The student should demonstrate the ability to critically dicuss all the subjects covered in the questions. The exam is positive if the evaluation is not less than 18/30. A  very good capability to expose arguments in a sinthetic and clear way is greatly appreciated.  The maximum vote (30/30 with honours) is obtained in the presence of particularly high and excellent competences.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

The evaluation is carried out only through the final exam, aimed at verifiying the real acquisition by the student of the expected learning results.  A minimum mark of 18/30 is required in order to pass the exam.

The student will have:

- to know the etiological basis and the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases and how to analyze their main cellular and molecular aspects;

- to understand the different immunological mechanisms involved in the immune response and to know the diseases associated to the dysfunction of the immune system.

The following items will contribute to the final mark:

- ability to critically discuss the requested topics;

- accuracy, clarity, synthesis and fluency;

- competence in the subject;

- correct use of language.

Exam schedule