OVERVIEW

The lectures of Human Anatomy Unit of the Human Anatomy and Physiology and Laboratory are hold in the first semester of the second year.

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course aim is to provide the basics of microscopical anatomy necessary for the understanding of the mechanisms regulating the functions of tissues, organs and systems of the human body. The organization of the course is based on interactive lectures. The goal is to better define the ability to correlate specific functions to specific modes of structural organization.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course aim is to provide the basics of neuroanatomy and microscopical anatomy necessary for the understanding of the mechanisms regulating the functions of organs and systems of the human body. The organization of the course is based on interactive lectures with extensive use of visual aids. The goal is to better correlate the structural organization of organs and systems to the corresponding functions.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching activity is organized in lectures. During these lectures all the issues the student have to know for the final exam will be explained and discussed with the help of visual aids.

Any Student with documented Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), or with any special needs, shall reach out to the Lecturer(s) and to the dedicated SLD Representative in the Department before class begins, in order to liase and arrange the specific teaching methods and ensure proper achievement of the learning aims and outcomes.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY. Anatomical terminology and planes. Fundamental notions of the human body topography.

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM. General organization of bones and joints. Fundamental notions on the skeletal system. General organization of muscles. The diaphragm.

TEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. The skin and its appendages
NEUROANATOMY. General organization of the nervous system. Meningeal coverings and the ventricular system. The spinal cord: external and internal organization. The spinal nerves. The brain stem: external and internal organization. Main nuclei of the brain stem. The tectum. The reticular formation. The cranial nerves. The cerebellum: external and internal organization. Nuclei and cerebellar cortex. The diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, basic facts on epithalamus and subthalamus. The telencephalon: external configuration. The cerebral cortex. The basal nuclei. Organization of the telencephalic white matter. Overview of the limbic system. The ippocampus. Cerebral specializations. Afferent systems. Overview of the different receptor types. Exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensory receptors. Ascending sensory pathways. The olfactory receptors and and the olfaction pathway. The gustatory receptors and the taste pathway. The eye and the visual system. The ear and the auditory and vestibular systems. The motor systems. The corticospinal pathway. Basal ganglia. The autonomic system.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. General organization of the cardiovascular system. The heart. The pericardium. Structure of arteries, capillaries and veins. Basic facts on the lymphatic system. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs: bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen nad MALT.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Overview of the endocrine system. Morphology and structure of: hypophisis, thiroid and parathiroids glands, the suprarenal glands, the pancreatic islets.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. General organization of the respiratory system. The nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. Morphology and structure of: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The pleurae.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. General organization of the digestive system. Morphology and structure of: oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver and pancreas.

URINARY SYSTEM. General organization of the urinary system. Morphology and structure of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Morphology and structure of: testes, epididymis, deferens duct and accessory glands.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Morphology and structure of: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus. Follicular and menstrual cicles. The mammary gland.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

For the whole Anatomia e Fisiologia Umana course:

• F.H. Martini, J.L. Nath, E.F. Bartholomew - Fondamenti di Anatomia e Fisiologia. EdiSES.

Specific for “Anatomia Umana”:

• G.J. Tortora, M.T. Nielsen - Principi di Anatomia Umana. Ed. Ambrosiana.

or

• F.H. Martini, R.B. Tallitsch, J.L. Nath - Anatomia Umana. EdiSES

To further explore the Microscopic Anatomy part:

• A.L. Kierszenbaum, L.L. Tres - Istologia. Dalle basi molecolari alle correlazioni cliniche. Edra.
• M.H. Ross, W. Pawlina - Istologia. Testo e atlante. Con elementi di biologia cellulare e molecolare. Casa Ed. Ambrosiana.

Keynote presentations in PDF format can be downloaded from AulaWEB.

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

ANNA FASSIO (President)

FABIO GIUSEPPE GHIOTTO (President)

SILVIA GIOVEDI' (President)

FABIO BENFENATI

ANDREA NICOLA MAZZARELLO

BRUNO STERLINI

LESSONS

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

Oral test.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

The knowledge and understanding of the morphology and structure of organs and systems of the human body will be assessed. Moreover, the comprehension of how the organ structure determines his own function will be evaluated.

Exam schedule