CODE 68481 ACADEMIC YEAR 2024/2025 CREDITS 3 cfu anno 2 TECNICHE DI LABORATORIO BIOMEDICO 9293 (L/SNT3) - GENOVA SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR MED/46 LANGUAGE Italian TEACHING LOCATION GENOVA SEMESTER 2° Semester MODULES Questo insegnamento è un modulo di: PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY TECHNIQUES TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB AIMS AND CONTENT LEARNING OUTCOMES 1- Sampling and verification of the cyto-histological material, checking the compliance of the request and preparing the sample for the next stage; 2- Management of the first part of the Histological analytical phase through the use of appropriate methods and technologies (fixation and use of Histological/Cytological Processors) in compliance with the recommendations and quality requirements adopted by the laboratory; 3- Management of the diagnostic process in compliance with the quality system to actively participate in the development of systems for controlling the validity of laboratory tests and analyses; 4- Knowledge of the disciplinary, ethical and deontological principles of the laboratory technician profession in the healthcare situations envisaged by the training project and in relation to the responsibilities required by the training level; 5- Definition of decisions in coherence with the legal, ethical and deontological dimensions that regulate healthcare organization and professional responsibility; 6- Organization of laboratory diagnostic activities through the definition of priorities, the appropriate use of available resources, delegating the relevant activities to collaborators, ensuring continuity and quality of care; 7- Knowledge of the use of IT tools in relation to dedicated uses during the Sample Acceptance procedures (Correct Management of Laboratory Records and Performances, knowledge of Patient Safety also in relation to Privacy). AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES General learning outcomes. 1. Know the organization of an Anatomic Pathology Laboratory. 2. Know the diagnostic activities and workflow of an Anatomic Pathology Laboratory. 3. Know the techiniques for histological sample preparation. Specific learning outcomes 1- Sampling and verification of the cyto-histological material, control of compliance of the request and preparation of the sample for the next stage;. 2- Management of the first part of the Histological analytical phase through the use of appropriate methods and technologies (setting and use of Histological / Cytological Processors) in compliance with the recommendations and quality requirements adopted by the laboratory. 3- Management of the diagnostic process in compliance with the quality system to actively participate in the development of systems for checking the validity of tests and laboratory analyzes. 4- Knowledge of the disciplinary, ethical and deontological principles of the laboratory technician profession in the assistance situations envisaged by the training project and in relation to the responsibilities required by the training level. 5- Definition of decisions in line with the legal, ethical and deontological dimensions that regulate healthcare organization and professional responsibility. 6- Organization of laboratory diagnostics activities through the definition of priorities, the appropriate use of available resources, delegating the activities of competence to collaborators, ensuring continuity and quality of care. 7- Knowledge of the use of IT tools in relation to dedicated uses during the Sample Acceptance procedures (Correct management of Personal Data and Laboratory Performance, knowledge of Patient Safety also with reference to Privacy). TEACHING METHODS The course is organized in frontal lessons. SYLLABUS/CONTENT Cultural sphere General theme Didactic Unit Elementary Aims Level Knowledge Type of Competence Skill Type of Didactic Activity Pathological Anatomy General introduction to the course Role of the technician in the Histo-cytopathology laboratory: Activities and specialist services of the differentiated technician in diagnostic and research laboratories.Responsibility of the technician, deontology and qualifying professional training.MED46 E 2 2 2 L Pathological Anatomy Recording and filing of the material The planning of operations based on the characteristics of the material (decalcification, rapid processing, particular fixation, etc.) MED46 CF 2 2 3 L/T Pathological Anatomy The material Preparation of the biopsy.Procedures based on the type of materialMED46 Pathological Anatomy The material Preparation of the biopsy.Procedures based on the type of materialMED46 Pathological Anatomy Conservation and fixation of the material Definition of physical and chemical fixatives. Primary fixatives and mixtures. Coagulating and non-coagulant fixatives. Main characteristics of the most common fixatives and principles of fixation of each of them. Fixation times, problems of inadequate fixation. Defects due to poor fixation or excessive fixation. Special fixatives for particular fabrics or for particular colors MED46. CF 2 2 3 L/T Pathological Anatomy Paraffin embedding techniques Processing of the material (manual and automatic). Technical times for paraffin embedding. Manual or automated inclusion. The choice of inclusion times based on the characteristics of the material (type of sample) and tissue. Fast inclusion and slow inclusion by macrosections. Possible orientation artifacts. MED46 CF 2 2 3 L/T Pathological Anatomy Types of cytological material Definitions of exfoliative cytology, effusion cytology, abrasive cytology, physiological fluid cytology, cytology of cystic neoplastic forms. MED08-MED46 Pathological anatomy Cytological preparations for exfoliative cytology The fixation of the material. Smear and liquids.MED46 Pathological anatomy Cytological preparations of liquids Enrichment techniques. Preparation techniques for smears, cytocentrifuges and sediment inclusions. Staining. Cytology in liquid phase. MED46 Pathological Anatomy Basic histological stains The chemical basis of basic hematoxylin-eosin staining. The variables in the choice of the various hematoxylins and specific characteristics. Concepts of basophilia and acidophilia. Examples of hematoxylinophilic and eosinophilic tissues or cells.MED46 Pathological anatomy Histo-morphological staining Principles of histochemistry. Staining methods for tropho-mechanical tissues; collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers. Trichrome stains and mixtures. MED46 Pathological Anatomy Basic histochemical techniques Staining methods for protein substances. Staining methods for lipid substances. Coloring methods for carbohydrates. Coloring methods for inorganic substances and pigments. Stains for the central nervous system.MED46 RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY Cardillo MR – Nozioni di tecniche diagnostiche di Anatomia Patologica – Antonio Delfino Editore, Roma, 2009. Ruco L, Scarpa A – Anatomia Patologica, Le basi. – UTET, Torino,2007. Daniel S, Zanin T – Manuale di tecnica cito-istologica – Documentazione scientifica editrica, Bologna, 1997. Valdes-Da Pena M, Huff DS – Manuale delle autopsie perinatali – Piccin, Padova, 1989 Bancroft't Theory and Practise of Histological Techniques - S. Kim Suvarna, Christopher Layton and John D. Bancroft - Churchill Livingstone TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD SIMONETTA FERRANDO LAURA ZITO FABIANA MALAGUTI Exam Board ROBERTO FRANCO FIOCCA (President) FEDERICA GRILLO (President) LUCA MASTRACCI (President) SIMONETTA FERRANDO LAURA ZITO VALERIO GAETANO VELLONE (President and Coordinator of Integrated Course) LESSONS LESSONS START II year II semester Class schedule HISTOTECHNOLOGY EXAMS EXAM DESCRIPTION Exam is carried out as an oral interview. 30 triplets of mixed questions have previously been prepared concerning technical topics of histology, cytology and general histological pathology topics. In practice, each sector of the educational program was separated into question and subsequently the questions were randomly divided into triplets.Each triplet has been ordered with progressive numbering. During the appeal, an alphabetical letter is extracted which, after placing the candidates in alphabetical order, marks the beginning of the examination tests. Each candidate, at the time of the exam, receives a typewritten sheet bearing a triplet of questions; the first candidate to start the exam is the one whose surname initial corresponds to the letter extracted. The candidate has 15 minutes to read the questions and prepare a lineup of answers. At the end of the time the candidate can decide to withdraw (if he has verified that he is not sufficiently prepared) or take the oral exam. The exam is carried out separately by three teachers, each of whom asks about a question of the triplet prepared. At the end of the three questions, the teachers consult each other and define the average grade that the candidate can obviously accept or reject. ASSESSMENT METHODS The exam will allow to verify the achievement of the expected learning outcomes: ability to apply knowledge through the description of the solution of a problem and communication skills, through oral examination, the skills acquired according to the scheme that has been supported in the program each topic dealt with. For each topic, it is a question of verifying, as scheduled, the level of knowledge, the type of competence required and the skill necessary to deal with the specific topic. Ultimately the candidate must be able to demonstrate the achievement of the strategic purpose in terms of knowing, knowing how to do, knowing how to be.