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CODE 68478
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024/2025
CREDITS
SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINARY SECTOR MED/46
LANGUAGE Italian
TEACHING LOCATION
  • GENOVA
SEMESTER 1° Semester
MODULES Questo insegnamento è un modulo di:
TEACHING MATERIALS AULAWEB

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Know laboratory techniques of electrophoretic techniques of serum proteins and urine; production of radiopharmaceuticals through the use of a circular particle accelerator (cyclotron); production of the requested isotope, sending the material to the synthesis module, preparation of the radiopharmaceutical, execution of quality controls for the release of the radiopharmaceutical (injection for the execution of PET; The Immunometry Techniques course aims to describe the main technical methods used for the execution of immunometric tests both with manual methodology and with automatic instruments. The dilution techniques most used in the analysis laboratory are also illustrated

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

Clinical Chemistry

  • Provide the theoretical basis related to the techniques of Clinical Chemistry: photometry, spectrophotometry, turbidimetry, nephelometry, indirect potentiometry;
  • Provide the ability to verify the correct operation of the instrumentation equipment through the calibration;
  • Illustrate some methods of determination of tests about clinical relevance;
  • Provide the ability to judge the performance through internal quality assessment and external quality assessment (EQA);

Electrophoresis

  • • Introduction to the Electrophoresis and Specific Protein Sector: biological materials and collection; anticoagulants; treatment, conservation and centrifugation; identification of biological samples.

    • Electrophoretic session setup: electrophoresis principle and methods; Equipment and accessories (power supply, electrophoretic chamber, buffer, dye, densitometer); Stages of electrophoretic running (application, migration, coloring, detection).

    • Electrophoretic separation of proteins: standard electrophoretic profile; Fractions (albumin-α1-α2-β1-β2-γ): Specific proteins found in the electrophoretic tracing.

    • IFE (gel) electrophoretic immunofixation

    • Bence Jones Protein Research (gel)

    • Automatic electrophoresis analyzers

      

TEACHING METHODS

Online or on-site lessons, depending on covid guidelines, with slides available on Aula Web

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Clinical Chemistry

1.Introduction to the Laboratory: definition of the pre-analytical phase, blood draw and not acceptability criterion of the sample; type of samples; anticoagulants; treatment, transportation, centrifugation and storage of samples.

2. Instrumental analytical techniques: photometric characteristics of light, interaction between matter and radiant energy, Lambert – Beer law, absorbance and calibration curve, zeroing against blank; general principles of photometry and spectrophotometry; single beam spectrophotometer, double beam spectrophotometer; turbidimetry; nephelometry.

3. Clinical applications: spectrophotometry with direct methods, spectrophotometry with indirect methods; colorimetric reactions; enzymatic reactions, primary reactions and couple reactions, NAD and NADP dependent enzymatic reactions; enzymatic- colorimetric reactions, Trinder end point method.

4 Indirect potentiometry: principle of this method.

5. Methods of determination of important tests about clinical relevance (SGOT, SGPT, gGT, PCE and dibucaine number, LDH, Total and Direct Bilirubin, CPK, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase and Pancreatic Amylase, Lipase, Urea and BUN, Creatinine, Uric Acid, calculation of clearance endogenous, Iron, Ferritin, Glucose, total Cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, Triglyceride, APO A B, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, phosphorous, Magnesium): Methods, interpretation of clinical data and interferences.

6. Quality assessment: precision and accuracy of the analytical date; specificity and sensitivity of the method; types of error; calibration: definition of detection limit and levels detectable; internal quality assessment, external quality assessment; dilutions.

Electrophoresis

  • Electrophoresis and specific proteins, biological samples  and their collections. General characteristics of proteins, overview of their structure and function, methods for their assay• automatic equipments and their functioning. Electrophoretic separation of  serum proteins•  Electrophoretic standard profile: protein fractions (albumin-α1-α2-β1-β2-γ globulins) •  specific proteins of the electrophoretic pattern.  Gammapathies, Electrophoretic Immunofixation  (EIF): principles and methods• Interpretation of the results, evaluation of normal and pathological patterns. Urinary electrophoresis. Search for Bence Jones protein • Methodology • Interpretatione of the results • Immunosubtraction and interpretation of the results. Definition of electrophoresis, electrophoretic techniques: principles, equipments and accessories (power supply,  electrophoretic chamber, buffer, dyes, densitometer) • Protein migration and conditioning factors (voltage,  frictional force,  migration rate, electrophoretic mobility; sample;  buffer solution; ionic strength;  Joule effect; electroendosmosis) • implementation methods: free or front phase; on sifting and non sifting support or zonal • zonal electrophoresis of serum proteins on paper,  cellulose acetate, agarose gel and in capillary • Methodology • Interpretation of migration and of graphics in capillary •evaluation of normal and pathological patterns• Comparison between methods.   

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

Exam Board

MARIO PASSALACQUA (President)

ELISABETTA FRATERNALE

MADDALENA MASTROGIACOMO

MAURIZIO BRUSCHI (President and Coordinator of Integrated Course)

LESSONS

LESSONS START

For lessons start and timetable go to the link: https://easyacademy.unige.it/portalestudenti/

Please check the module Aulaweb page for timetable updates dependent on the sanitary and epidemic situation.

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

Multiple choice exam of the knowledge acquired, among which the definition of the basic elements of the subject.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

Test in classroom by multiple choice assessment questionnaire.