AIMS AND CONTENT

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

The Course of General Pathology and Physiopathology aims to transmit to the student some  knowledges about  aetiology and  phathogenesis of the diseases.  Students will also study some topics of general oncology and the immunological mechanisms involved in the immune responses both in normal and pathological conditions. Some relevant pathophysiological processes will be described .(Diabetes,

At the end of the Course the student will be able to

.-  distinguish the different causes of the diseases

-  recognize the different inflammatory signals

-  explain the different mechanisms of immunological reactions

-  analytically describe a process of carcinogenesis

-  classify tumors

-  explain the main pathophysiological processes

TEACHING METHODS

Frontal lessons with maximum possible interaction with students

In case of emergency and according to the University directives, lessons may be held remotely in telematic mode using the Teams platform.

Students with documented Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) or with special needs must contact the Teacher(s) and the dedicated SLD Representative at the Department before the start of lessons, in order to agree on the specific teaching methods and ensure the correct achievement of the learning objectives and results.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

Concepts of health and disease, aetiology, pathogenesis.

Causes of disease: Chemical and drug injury, Injury by physical agents (ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, thermal and electrical injury). Injury by free radicals. Nutritional diseases. Biological causes of disease: pathogenesis of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections.

Cellular pathology: Cell injury and cellular adaptations. Regressive processes. Atrophy. Degenerative processes. Lysosomal storage diseases. Cell death: apoptosis and necrosis.

Inflammation:  Acute inflammation. Inflammatory cells. Chemical mediators of inflammation, Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mechanisms of acute inflammation and consequences. Leukocyte migration. Classification and outcome of acute inflammation .Chronic inflammation. Cell infiltration and definition of Granuloma. Notes on tuberculosis,  Lues and Leprosy

Immunology and Immunopathology: The Immune System: Cells and Tissues of the Immune System. General features of the Innate and Adaptive  Immune response. The Lymphocytes. The Antibodies. The Cytokines. Overview of immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity reactions

Oncology: Definition of Neoplasia. Main morphological, biochemical and behavioral atypisms of the neoplastic cell. Tumor marker definition. Definition of anaplasia. Initiation, promotion and neoplastic progression. Definition of Metastasis. The main methastatic pathways. The molecular basis of tumor: the oncogenes and their activation. Inheritance and tumors. Notes on viral carcinogenesis. Classification of neoplasms: classification by behavior (benign and malignant); classification by histogenesis (epithelial and connective tumors); gradation and staging classification (TNM system).

Fever: the mechanisms of thermoregulation and notes on the causes and types of fever.

Pathophysiological bases of diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2) and its complications

Atherosclerosis: formation, evolution and complications of atheroma and its consequences; etiopathogenesis (hypertension and alteration of lipid metabolism) and risk factors.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

-   Pontieri G.M. Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale per le professioni Sanitarie Ed. PICCIN

-   pdf presentations of the lessons are available on Aula Web

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

LESSONS

LESSONS START

First semester of the current academic year

Class schedule

The timetable for this course is available here: Portale EasyAcademy

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The exam consists of an oral test and is held in the presence of the Course teachers. The interview focuses on the program described in this sheet.

Through the discussion of various topics, the Commission verifies the achievement of the educational objectives set by the teaching

In case of emergency and according to the University directives, the exams can be carried out remotely in telematic mode using the Teams platform.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

The learning assessment is carried out through the final exam only, which aims to ascertain the actual acquisition by the student of the expected learning outcomes. In order to pass the exam, and therefore obtain a grade of no less than 18/30, the student must demonstrate:

- knowledge of the etiological bases and pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases and ability to analyze the main cellular and molecular aspects.

- understanding the different immunological mechanisms involved in the immune response and the pathologies responsible for the altered functioning of the immune system.

- knowledge of the physiopathological bases of diabetes and atherosclerosis

The following contribute to the final grade expressed in thirtieths: the ability to deal transversally and critically with the required topics; correctness, clarity, synthesis and fluency of exposition; the adoption of appropriate terminology

During the exam, the rules regarding the evaluation method of students certified as DSA or with other educational needs indicated by the university will be respected. (e.g.: additional time in the case of written exams, use of concept maps to be viewed for approval by the teachers at least one week before the exam date)