OVERVIEW

The following topics will be investigated in the teaching: -

• the theoretical and methodological foundations, of a historical, philosophical, scientific and technical nature, of the disciplines of conservation and restoration of the architectural, archaeological and landscape heritage; -
• the related methods and techniques of non-destructive analysis and diagnosis of ancient and recent architecture; 
• the phases of design and intervention on construction sites on artifacts of cultural interest and value; - examples of ancient, recent and contemporary restoration interventions in Italy, Europe and the world -
• the regulatory and doctrinal references, national and international, for the protection, conservation and restoration of the existing architectural, urban and landscape heritage.
• the new challenges of contemporaneity and the contribution that the disciplines of Conservation and Restoration can offer to their contrast (digital and green transitions, climate change, inclusiveness, safety, accessibility, sustainability, also in the framework of the New European Bauhaus)

AIMS AND CONTENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course aims to provide students with basic knowledge and skills in the disciplines of conservation and restoration, together with the ability to understand them, rework them in critical ways and use them to support the intentions and design choices that they will face in the restoration laboratories of the Master's Degree. The learning outcomes will be assessed in consultation with the students and on the basis of their written presentation referring to a restoration intervention carried out in various eras and geographical and cultural contexts, chosen by them with attention to the most recent ones.

AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

1.016 / 5.000

The course proposes a study itinerary around the idea of ​​conservation and restoration of ancient and recent architecture of cultural interest to inspire in students a mature and well-founded critical reflection on the issues of responsibility, respect, specificity of the architectural heritage and sustainability of its restoration. The founding themes of the culture of conservation and restoration will be addressed, in a broad sense, because they cannot be considered the prerogative of a narrow circle of experts in the field. Rather, they must be declined in such a way as to establish the reflection that everyone is required to develop with regard to the society in which they live and that they will contribute, with their study and design work, to modify in various ways. The course, in short, is aimed at the critical study of some issues related to the fundamental question of "why and how existing architecture is conserved/restored" in the contemporary world.

PREREQUISITES

Any basic knowledge of a general historical nature and, in particular, of the history of architecture and art constitutes an essential starting point for understanding the specific contents of the teaching. Also useful are the basic concepts of philosophy and knowledge of materials, construction techniques and processes of degradation of existing materials and architecture, of ancient and modern structural concepts, of methods of reading and analysis of existing buildings in general.

TEACHING METHODS

The teaching includes frontal lessons, also with seminar interventions by external experts, collective discussions between teacher and students and makes use of audiovisual aids regularly made available on Aula Web.

SYLLABUS/CONTENT

The course investigates, in summary, the following main thematic nuclei (not in exclusively chronological succession):

• the origins and legitimacy of the discipline of Restoration;
• the relationships of the Renaissance era with the architecture of the Middle Ages and Classical Antiquity;
• the relationships with pre-existing factories, between the Baroque era and the eighteenth century;
• the birth and development of the discipline of restoration "modernly understood" in the nineteenth century, through the thought and work of some protagonists (E. E. Viollet Le Duc, J. Ruskin, W. Morris, C. Boito, L. Beltrami, A. D'Andrade, A. Rubbiani, ...)
• the protagonists of restoration in the early twentieth century (A. Riegl, G. Giovannoni, R. Pane, R. Bonelli, C. Brandi, G. De Angelis D'Ossat ...), subsequent developments and the recent debate; • the relationships between Restoration, History and historiography (the many possible “Histories”, general and specific, of ideas and material culture, the concepts of time and duration, of ancient, modern and contemporary);
• the relationships with the Arts and expressive disciplines;
• the relationships with “Philosophy” and Aesthetics, the role of the subject, the relationship with “the real” and the “beautiful”; • the relationships with the natural, physical, mathematical and construction sciences; • the relationships with “Technique” and the art of building;
• the concept of “Heritage” (architectural, historical, cultural, material, immaterial, etc.) and its change over time (from the Monument to the historic center, to the cultural landscape);
• the national and international institutions, standards, documents and policies of protection, conservation and restoration;
• the areas, times and purposes of the action (project, process, programming, management); the relationships with architectural, urban and territorial design;
• introduction to the techniques of non-destructive analysis and diagnosis of existing buildings;
• contemporary restoration projects and interventions in Italy and around the world.

From the lessons, words and concepts will emerge that the student must demonstrate knowledge and correct use, respecting their historically determined nature (authentic, original, original, truth-true, plausible, false, identity, completeness, completeness, fragment, decorum, cleanliness, legibility, stability, functionality, usability, reusability, reversibility, compatibility, ...). The student must also know the fundamental elements of the biographies of the authors cited, their main written works and the examples of ancient and recent restorations attributable to them and illustrated in the course. The materials used to support the lessons will be included in the web classroom together with some of the texts indicated in the bibliography.

RECOMMENDED READING/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bibliography 

• Aa. Vv., Che cos’è il restauro? Nove studiosi a confronto, Venezia, Marsilio, 2005.
• Carbonara G. (a cura di), Trattato di restauro architettonico Utet, Torino, 1996, vol. 1, sez. A - pp. 3-66 (come riferimento generale).
• Musso Stefano F., Recupero e restauro degli edifici storici. Guida pratica al rilievo e alla diagnostica, III edizione, EPC, Roma, 2016 - è richiesta la conoscenza di alcune limitate parti che saranno indicate a lezione
• Musso Stefano F., Itinerari bibliografici sulla tutela, in B. Pedretti, Il progetto del passato, Bruno Mondadori, Milano 1997, pp. 202-236 (disponibile su aula web).
• Musso Stefano F., La nascita del restauro. Storia, imitazione, stile, in: Pigafetta G., Storia dell'architettura moderna. Imitazione e invenzione tra XV e XX secolo. vol. 2, p. 792-801, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2007 (disponibile su aula web).

Testi per approfondimenti sulla storia del Restauro:

• Torsello B. Paolo. Restauro architettonico. Padri, teorie, immagini. Franco Angeli, Milano 1984 (2001).
• Musso Stefano, Questioni di storia e restauro. Dall'architettura alla città, Alinea, Firenze 1988 (I e II capitolo)
• Torsello B. Paolo, La materia del restauro, Venezia, Marsilio, 1988 (prima parte)

Testi degli autori analizzati di cui è richiesta la lettura e la conoscenza diretta:

• Boito Camillo, I restauri in architettura. Dialogo primo, in Boito Camillo, Questioni pratiche di Belle Arti,
• Milano, 1893, sta in M. A. Crippa (a cura di) Il nuovo e l’antico in architettura, antologia, Milano, Jaca Book 1989.
• Bonelli Renato, voce Restauro - Restauro architettonico, in Enciclopedia Universale dell’Arte, vol. XI, col. 322 e sgg., Venezia-Roma 1963.
• Brandi Cesare, voce Restauro, in Enciclopedia Universale dell’Arte, vol. XI, Venezia-Roma 1963. e Brandi Cesare, Teoria del restauro, Einaudi, Torino 1977, pp. 3-47
• Giovannoni Gustavo, voce Restauro, in Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze Lettere e Arti, Roma, Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondato da G. Treccani, 1936, vol. XXIX, pp. 127-130.
• Riegl Alois, Der moderne Denkmalkultus. Sein Wesen und seine Entstehung, Wien-Leipzig, 1903, (trad. it. Il culto moderno dei monumenti. Il suo carattere e i suoi inizi, in S. Scarrocchia (a cura di), Alois Riegl: teoria e prassi della conservazione dei monumenti, Bologna, Accademia Albertina, Clueb, 1995, pp. 173- 206).
• Ruskin John, The nature of Gothic, (VII° cap. di: The stones of Venice, London 1851-52) - Il testo è consultabile, in versione italiana nel volume: John Ruskin, Le pietre di Venezia, Rizzoli, Milano 1989; oppure nel volume: John Ruslin, La natura del gotico, Jaca Book, Milano 1992
• Ruskin John, The seven lamps of architecture, London 1849 - Consultabile nella versione italiana pubblicata da Jaca Book o da Rizzoli (nella collana B.U.R.), è inoltre possibile ritrovare molti aforimi del testo nel volume: R. Di Stefano (a cura di), John Ruskin profeta dell’architettura moderna, ESI, Napoli 1982 Viollet
• Eugene Emmanuel Viollet Le Duc, voce “Restauration” in: Dictionnaire raisonné de l’architecture française du XI au XVI siècle, Paris 1854-1868 - La voce può essere consultata, in versione italiana, nel volume: M. A. Crippa (a cura di), Viollet Le Duc: Architettura ragionata. Estratti dal Dizionario, Jaca Book, Milano 1981

Some English texts and books will be provided during the lecturesand uploaded in Aula Web

TEACHERS AND EXAM BOARD

LESSONS

LESSONS START

I semester - see academic calendar of UNIGE and of dAD Department

Class schedule

FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION A

EXAMS

EXAM DESCRIPTION

The final exam consists of an interview developed starting from a restoration project and intervention, chosen by the candidate not necessarily among those covered during the lessons. The second question will concern the figure, the thought and the theoretical and practical work (texts and projects) of a protagonist of the history of restoration, among those covered during the lessons intervention. The third question will follow the development of the interview.

ASSESSMENT METHODS

The learning outcomes will be assessed in consultation with the students and on the basis of their written presentation referring to a restoration intervention carried out in various eras and geographical and cultural contexts, chosen by them with attention to the most recent ones.

The evaluation will be based on the following criteria: quality of presentation, correct use of specialist vocabulary, critical reasoning ability.